Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inhaled corticosteroids are a dramatic advance in the therapy of chronic asthma. Corticosteroid inhalation therapy in children offers the same advantages over oral medication as in adults. Inhaled corticosteroids have better effects compared with other prophylactic antiasthma therapy such as theophylline, sodium cromoglycate and ketotifen. However, it is obvious that inhaled corticosteroids are not completely free of side effects, both topical and systemic such as suppression of HPA, growth retardation, osteoporosis, cataract formation, blood count and immunoglobulin changes, oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia. Recently, many clinicians have been using this effective and save treatment more freely and for longterm administration.
 ...
PMID:Corticosteroid inhalation in the treatment of childhood asthma. 207 73

The occurrence of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis accompanying polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type I is reported in a female aged 13. Apart the candidiasis, since the age of 3, she had convulsions beginning at 6, cataract at 9, teeth abnormalities, and basal ganglia calcifications. Laboratory data confirmed the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. This picture was accompanied by intestinal malabsorption, leading to a state of progressive malnutrition, with intense hypoalbuminemia and anemia. Although the pathophysiology of malabsorption, in these cases, is still not clear, the therapeutic response to pancreatin, in the present case, suggested pancreatic insufficiency, reinforced by the normal d-xylose test and the small intestinal biopsy with inexpressive result.
 ...
PMID:[Polyglandular autoimmune type I syndrome with hypoparathyroidism, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and intestinal malabsorption]. 213 67

We describe 2 brothers with a malformation syndrome consisting of agenesis of the corpus callosum, cutaneous hypopigmentation, bilateral cataract, cleft lip and palate, and combined immunodeficiency. The clinical history of both patients was characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, seizures, recurrent severe respiratory infections, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. The children died of bronchopneumonia at age 2 and 3 years, respectively. Immunological investigations showed, in one sib studied, skin anergy to recall antigens, profound depletion of T4+ lymphocytes, and serum IgG2 deficiency. Necropsy showed agenesis of the corpus callosum, hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, and profound hypoplasia of the thymus and of the peripheral lymphoid tissue. The distinctive features of these sibs appear to define a previously undescribed hereditary MCA/MR syndrome. The clinical and pathological findings seem to indicate, as a pathogenetic mechanism, a defect involving the embryonic organization of the central nervous system and of the immune system.
 ...
PMID:Agenesis of the corpus callosum, combined immunodeficiency, bilateral cataract, and hypopigmentation in two brothers. 334 62

Data concerning safety of treatment in schoolchildren cannot be extrapolated to preschool children due to differences in growth velocity and metabolism. The safety issue in preschool children is further complicated by insufficient knowledge of the optimal dose, and the lung delivery from the devices available. Systemic activity has often been studied as a marker of adverse clinical effect. However, with improving technology, systemic activity can be detected within the range of the normal biological feedback system, where it is of no clinical importance. Therefore, systemic activity is not synonymous with clinically relevant side-effects. Side-effects should be assessed in specific clinical studies. Effect on growth velocity is a potential side-effect of major interest. Knemometry is a sensitive measure of short-term growth of the lower leg length in schoolchildren as well as in preschool children, which enables precise measurements of systemic activity, but it is not a measure of statural growth. The only clinically relevant outcome measure of human growth is the final height in relation to expected final height, allowing for gender and midparental height differences. In addition to effects on statural height, osteoperosis is an important potential side-effect. The importance of bone density during preschool age for final adult bone mineral density needs to be studied. Cataract formation is a side-effect associated with systemic steroid treatment and may be of special consideration during treatment with nebulized steroids, which may expose the eyes to high doses. Thrush, dysphonia and local skin atrophy in steroid-exposed areas are potential local side-effects, and yet the incidence in young children is unknown and dependent on the device used for delivery. When considering adverse effects of treatment, the risk of side-effects from undertreatment should always be observed.
 ...
PMID:Safety of treatment. 896 15

We present a family with five members affected by Type 1 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy. All patients had chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and dental abnormalities. Four patients had ocular abnormalities, four had hypoparathyroidism, and three had Addison's disease. The family was unusual in that all four affected females had premature ovarian failure. The ocular abnormalities included two patients with subcapsular lens opacities, one patient with asymptomatic corneal opacities, and one patient with severe bilateral iridocyclitis with cataract formation. One patient had pernicious anaemia and one had insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. All patients were negative on repeated occasions for organ specific and non-organ specific autoantibodies. Lymphocyte studies were performed in four patients. A deficiency of T suppressor cells was found in three and low normal levels were present in the fourth suggesting that the syndrome may be due to a defect in suppressor T cells.
 ...
PMID:Unusual manifestations of type 1 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy. 918 92

Age alone is not usually sufficient for the development of disease due to Candida, but it appears to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Mucocutaneous Candida infections such as thrush and denture stomatitis are associated with local and mechanical factors. A rare and sight-threatening complication of cataract surgery is Candida endophthalmitis. Systemic Candida infections are becoming more common due to increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs and the increasing risk of nosocomial candidiasis in the intensive care unit. Candiduria is increasingly common in older patients with diabetes mellitus, indwelling urinary catheters, and a history of antibiotic therapy.
 ...
PMID:Opportunistic fungal infections: superficial and systemic candidiasis. 933 5

We report a case of Candida infection after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and review the literature for reports of post-LASIK fungal infections. Risk factors may include postoperative surgical intervention and extended use of topical steroids.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2003 Oct
PMID:Bilateral Candida parapsilosis interface keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. 1460 30

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a scarce polyendocrinopathy with autosomal recessive inheritance results from defects in the human autoimmune regulatory (AIRE) gene. In addition to three major manifestations of APS1 including mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease, ophthalmic problems such as keratoconjunctivitis, dry eye, iridocyclitis, and cataract can be seen in these patients. In this article, we introduced two siblings presented with nail dystrophia, severe photophobia, and keratitis since early childhood which genetic examination revealed single nucleotide T>C translocation in their 2nd exon and heterozygous deletion mutation in their 12th exon.
 ...
PMID:Delay in Diagnosis of Two Siblings with Severe Ocular Problems and Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome. 3261 66