Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1985-86 an ophthalmologist screened 221 patients, ranging in age from six to 81, at Naerlandheimen central institution for mentally handicapped. The screening showed an alarming incidence of eye disease in this group, regardless of the etiology of the mental handicap or the patient's age. Only 44 patients had completely normal eye status without errors of refraction. 40 patients had errors of refraction only and eight had presbyopia only, but otherwise normal findings. 129 had one or more eye anomalies or diseases. There was a large incidence of cataract (52 cases), keratoconus (21 cases), strabismus (59 cases) and conjunctivitis or blepharitis (17 cases). The result emphasizes the importance of close and frequent examination of the status of the eyes of mentally retarded people throughout their lifespan.
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PMID:[Ophthalmologic examination of the mentally retarded at a central institution]. 236 45

Epikeratophakia continues to be an extremely attractive option for younger children with unilateral aphakia who are noncompliant users of contact lenses but who are young enough to benefit from amblyopia therapy. The epikeratophakia procedure is much safer than IOL implantation. The epikeratophakia tissue lens is especially useful for children with traumatic aphakia and corneal lacerations because the lens can strengthen and smooth the cornea as well as correct the aphakia. This allows much quicker rehabilitation than could be accomplished with contact lenses. The epikeratophakia procedure may be combined with a cataract extraction and should be in those children with acquired cataracts who demonstrate contact lens noncompliance in an office trial of contact lens insertion before operation. Epikeratophakia should be used with caution in neonates and young infants because of the rapid growth of the eye. Extended-wear contact lenses are a safer option for these children, and epikeratophakia can be performed as a secondary procedure if and when problems with contact lens compliance arise. Surface ocular problems such as uncontrolled dry eyes or severe blepharitis will continue to be incompatible with the survival of epikeratophakia tissue lenses. Children who are treated with high doses of radiation for orbital tumors such as rhabdomyosarcomas invariably develop radiation cataracts, which can occur before the onset of radiation keratitis. These children do not do well with epikeratophakia tissue lenses. Likewise, children with severe metabolic disturbances who are not healthy or gaining weight have a diminished chance of graft healing, as do children with poor vision in whom oculodigital autostimulation produces persistent epithelial defects, which prevent survival of the tissue lens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Update on epikeratophakia in children. 264 36

The authors report two cases of marked acro-osteolysis. One patient, a 16-year-old boy, had hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy associated with bronchiectasis, clubbing of the digits, synovitis, and osseous changes. The other patient, a 55-year-old man, had pachydermoperiostosis as well as synovial hypertrophy, clubbing of the digits, blepharitis, and a cataract. While the association of acro-osteolysis and pachydermoperiostosis has been reported before, this appears to be the first verified case of acro-osteolysis combined with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.
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PMID:Acro-osteolysis associated with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy and pachydermoperiostosis. 396 21

In a murine model of accelerated senescence (SAM), grading score and incidence in cataract, periophthalmic lesions, opacity and ulcer of the cornea were determined in mice from 4 to 24 months of age. From 4 to 6 months of age, incidence and grading score of these four categories began to increase in both the accelerated senescence prone (SAM) and resistant series with normal aging, and these increases continued with aging. As compared with the resistant series, there was a higher incidence and grading score of the four categories and a higher rate of increase in the prone series. The prone 3 series in particular showed a much higher incidence and grading score on cataract, the rate being 27.5% and 70.6% at 12 and 16 months, respectively. Histologically, the cataract was classified into two types. In one, degeneration of lens fibers, disintegration of lens cortex, and at an advanced stage, liquefaction of the lens cortex and proliferation of the anterior lens epithelial cells occurred. In the other type, lens fibers lost their distinct shapes and a homogenous mass formed at the anterior and posterior superficial cortex. The anterior lens epithelial cells had shrunk. There was an opacity and ulcer of the cornea with keratitis and the corneal epithelium was lost in case of the latter. Periophthalmic lesions included catarrhal changes of the skin of the eyelids and face and blepharitis. There were no lesions specific to each of the prone and resistant series. Thus, SAM should prove to be a suitable murine model for investigation of age-related ophthalmic lesions, including cataract in humans.
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PMID:Cataract and other ophthalmic lesions in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). Morphology and incidence of senescence associated ophthalmic changes in mice. 671 29

This paper reports a case of monilethrix, a rare dermatological condition which effects mostly the hair follicles. In addition to bilateral cataract we found blepharitis and corneal changes (pannus).
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PMID:[Ocular findings in monilethrix: a case report (author's transl)]. 742 Oct 65

Ocular complications of atopic dermatitis include cataract, blepharitis, keratoconjunctivitis, keratoconus, iritis and retinal detachment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of retinal detachment in atopic dermatitis patients. We examined four patients with atopic dermatitis and retinal detachment, and performed an extensive review of the literature. There have been about 130 reported cases of retinal detachment in patients with atopic dermatitis from Japan, in comparison with only a few reports from Europe and the U.S.A. An extensive review of the literature revealed that retinal detachment occurs at a young age in atopic dermatitis patients, and that often both eyes are involved. As retinal detachment is not a rare complication of atopic dermatitis, we propose that this type of retinal detachment is designated 'atopic retinal detachment'. Dermatologists should be aware of this potential complication of atopic dermatitis.
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PMID:Atopic retinal detachment. Report of four cases and a review of the literature. 757 89

Fifty-five patients with Down's syndrome were examined to evaluate the characteristics and frequency of ocular findings. Of these patients, 29 (52.7%) were hypermetropes, 7 (12.7%) were emmetropes, and 7 (12.7%) were myopes; astigmatism of more than 3.00 diopters was present in 7(12.7%) patients. Strabismus was observed in 12 (21.8%) patients. All but one of these 12 patients also had esotropia. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction was present in 12 subjects (21.8%). Blepharitis was found in 19 (34.5%) cases. Nystagmus occurred in 7 (12.7%) patients. Brushfield spots were detected in only 20 (36.3%) of the patients and were more common in light-colored irides. Lens opacities were diagnosed in 11 (20%) patients, and two underwent successful cataract surgery. On fundus examination, an increased number of retinal vessels crossing the optic nerve head was detected in 21 (38.1%) cases. One of the patients had a retinal detachment. Significant but correctable ocular problems are present in patients with Down's syndrome and may interfere with the quality of life of the patient and with binocular vision. Surgical intervention may be needed for strabismus and for cataracts.
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PMID:Ocular findings in 55 patients with Down's syndrome. 874 Jun 93

Corneal complications following cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation continue to be more unusual because of advances in our surgical techniques. Complications can still occur, however, and can include mechanical or toxic injury of the endothelium, stripped Descemet's membrane, epithelial toxicity and disruption, infectious keratitis, and epithelial ingrowth. Endothelial cell survival after cataract extraction and lens implantation are still major concerns. Healing of the cornea following clear corneal incisions has become more important as this technique is more frequently used, and several studies are looking at the results of clear corneal incisions performed for cataract surgery. Patients with ocular surface disease still require extra lubrication and management of blepharitis to prevent epithelial toxicity at the time of surgery as well as postoperatively. As incisions move back to the cornea from the distant limbus, careful observation for complications involving the cornea will be needed. Still, modern day cataract extraction and lens implantation are extremely gentle on the cornea.
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PMID:The cornea in cataract and intraocular lens surgery. 1016 71

The status of the cornea is crucial to a good outcome with cataract extraction. Preexisting corneal disease must be managed appropriately to get the high quality results that we have come to expect with modern day cataract surgery. It is now more common to perform cataract surgery on patients who have had previous corneal refractive surgery, and in these patients intraocular lens power calculation is more challenging. Complications following cataract surgery and lens implantation that involve the cornea are uncommon because of advances in surgical techniques. Corneal complications can include mechanical or toxic injury of the endothelium, stripped Descemet's membrane, epithelial toxicity and disruption, infectious keratitis, or epithelial ingrowth. Endothelial cell survival after cataract extraction and lens implantation is still the major concern. Healing of the cornea following clear corneal incisions has become more important, as this technique is used more frequently. There are several recent studies looking at the results of clear corneal incisions performed for cataract surgery. Patients with ocular surface disease still require extra lubrication and management of blepharitis to prevent epithelial toxicity at the time of surgery as well as postoperatively. Clear corneal cataract extraction and lens implantation cause minimal disruption of the conjunctiva, allowing cataract surgery to be performed in patients with severe ocular surface disease such as ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Overall, modern day cataract extraction is very safe for the cornea.
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PMID:Management of coincidental corneal disease and cataract. 1017 30

Topical steroids are the standard first-line therapy for treating ophthalmic inflammatory conditions. However, potent ophthalmic steroids can lead to an elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), which can result in greater medical resource utilization and increased costs. We have developed a decision analysis model from a societal perspective to evaluate the costs and consequences of the treatment of ophthalmic inflammatory conditions with two potent topical steroids: prednisolone and rimexolone. Data for the model are based on information from clinical trials, national data-bases, published literature, and responses by ophthalmologists to a questionnaire on treatment patterns for elevated IOP. Three steroid-responsive conditions are examined separately with the model: uveitis; postoperative inflammation following cataract surgery; and other ophthalmic inflammatory conditions (blepharitis, episcleritis, postoperative refractive surgery, and corneal transplant). The model evaluates patients with acute conditions versus those with chronic conditions and those with mild to moderate elevation of IOP versus those with severe elevation of IOP. Although the unit cost of rimexolone is higher than that of prednisolone, use of rimexolone leads to cost savings because the incidence of elevated IOP is decreased. If rimexolone is used instead of prednisolone for the treatment of ophthalmic inflammatory conditions, the estimated cost saved (at 1995 AWP prices) is approximately $10 million across the entire US population. The savings across the health maintenance organization population on an annualized basis is approximately $3.9 million. Even if rimexolone were priced higher than current market charges (at 130% to 150% of the AWP of prednisolone), cost savings ranging from the $2.9 million to $720,000 would accrue with use of rimexolone compared with prednisolone. However if, rimexolone were priced at 160% of the AWP of prednisolone, its use would incur an additional cost of $300,000. The primary medical resource utilized in treating elevated IOP in ophthalmic inflammatory conditions is physician visits. Medications are responsible for only one-fifth to one-third of the total cost of treating elevated IOP. This analysis indicates that rimexolone is associated with decreased medical resource utilization and cost savings to the entire healthcare system.
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PMID:A pharmacoeconomic analysis of rimexolone for the treatment of ophthalmic inflammatory conditions. 1018 Oct 71


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