Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The principle and technique of Maurice's method of microscopy of the corneal endothelium at high magnificant is discussed. An instrument is now available for clinical use (clinical specular microscope). The experience of the authors in patients with an intraocular lens is reported. A rather high deficit of endothelial cells was found in a series of 26 children and young adults, that had suffered injury from 2 to 11 years previously. An average immediate endothelial cell loss of only 6-7% was found in extracapsular cataract extraction with simultaneous implantation of a 2-loop or 4-loop intraocular lens. A striking difference was found between the two eyes of bilateral pseudophakic patients when one eye had undergone intracapsular surgery and the other eye extracapsular surgery. It had to be concluded that barrier deprivation of the intracapsular aphakic eye leads to continuing endothelial cell loss other than through ageing. Subclinical and clinical late corneal dystrophy therefore belong to the "barrier deprivation syndrome" together with retino-vascular accidents (macular and optic disc oedema) and vitreous degeneration.
 ...
PMID:Biomicroscopical observations on corneal endothelium in pseudophakia. 30 65

It has recently been suggested that aberrant misrouting of retino-geniculate-cortical (RGC) projections, a finding previously noted only in albinism, may be an additional feature of the Prader-Willi syndrome. To determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in patients with the syndrome and to look for evidence of misrouted RGC projections by means of testing of the pattern-onset visual evoked potential (VEP) response, we examined 12 patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, 8 albino subjects and 5 healthy control subjects. Ocular findings in the first group included telecanthus (in five subjects), strabismus, nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia, visual field defects and cataract. However, the VEP asymmetry typically seen in albinism was not noted in any of the patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. Our findings do not support previous claims of abnormal optic nerve fibre decussation in Prader-Willi syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Ocular findings and visual evoked potential response in the Prader-Willi syndrome. 145 Oct 20

The eye plays a double role: on the one side it is the optic camera, on the other side independent of the optic path ways it is the light receptor which stimulates the retino-hypothalamique pathway of the endocrine-visceral system. To determine this influence, we compared the metabolisme (water balance, blood sugar and blood cell count) as well as the hormones (ACTH, Cortisol) of fifty patients with bilateral almost total cataract, before (practically blind) and after cataract surgery (regain of light). There was a significant difference between the metabolic and hormonal values before and after cataract extraction, reaching physiologically normal levels due to the stimulating influence of light after the operation.
 ...
PMID:[Influence of light through the eyes on metabolism and hormones]. 226 94

Numerous metabolic parameters in serum and urine were examined in 110 cataract patients before and after cataract surgery. The marked reduction in light passing through the eye due to opacities (vision less than 1/10) leads to characteristic metabolic and hormonal disturbances. ACTH and cortisol production decreases, metabolism slows down and due to an adrenal insufficiency for which the pituitary is responsible there are characteristic changes in the cortisol-dependent metabolic processes. In addition, an "energetic action" of the light affecting the hypothalamus via the retino-hypothalamic pathways (the "energetic portion" of the visual pathway) was proved in patients who were blinded by cataract and had metabolic disturbances as a result. Postoperatively, after elimination of the lens opacities, the metabolism and hormones of the same patients returned to normal. As a result of restoration of exogenous light stimulation to the diencephalon-hypophysis system via the retinohypothalamic pathway ("energetic pathway" of the optic system) the metabolism and hormones returned to normal during the patients' stay in the hospital. These comparative investigations in the same patients before and after cataract extraction provide for the first time irrefutable scientific evidence of the influence of light via the eye on the human organism.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of light on the eye on metabolism and hormones]. 255 85

A family with vitreo-tapeto-retino-choroidal degeneration is presented. Five members of a sibship of nine and their mother are affected. Retinal changes in the form of macular degeneration and peripheral preretinal membranes are the most prominent features. Other manifestations are vitreous degeneration, optic atrophy, equatorial pigmentation, and complicated cataract. The heredity is probably autosomal dominant. Comparisons are made with the well-known hereditary vitreo-retinal degenerations, in particular with Wagner's disease. Above all, the extensive macular degeneration in two of the patients, involving the retina, the pigment epithelium, and the choriocapillaris, distinguishes the present disorder from the above-mentioned.
 ...
PMID:A family with vitreo-tapeto-retino-choroidal degeneration with dominant transmission. 696 73

Immunocytochemical analysis of the laminin alpha-2 (merosin) chain in the muscle of patients with Classic Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cl-CMD) differentiates the types of the disease associated with a merosin deficit from those that are merosin positive. Patients with Central Nervous System involvement in merosin negative Cl-CMD always present alterations of the white matter at RMI, but usually these are not clinically significant. While ocular malformations (microphthalmia, alterations of the anterior chamber, of the retina, or of the angle and cataract) and damage to the Central Nervous System are described in some subtypes of CMD (Muscle Eye Brain disease, Walker Warburg Syndrome), ocular involvement and retino-cortical conduction in merosin negative Cl-CMD are not well known. This study reports on four patients affected by merosin negative Cl-CMD. All these patients presented important alterations of the white matter associated with ventricular enlargement and, in one case, with pachygyria and micropolygyria. Refraction, visual acuity, ocular motility, anterior segment and fundus were examined. ERG Maximal, Cone and Rod response, VEP transient pattern reversal was carried out as well. Significant alterations at the standard ophthalmologic examination or of the electroretinogram responses were not registered while, in all cases, important modifications in retino cortical conduction (reduction in amplitude, increase in latency, reduction in amplitude on the lateral derivations) were observed, demonstrating involvement of the optic pathway at different levels during the course of this disease.
 ...
PMID:Alterations of the retino-cortical conduction in patients affected by classical congenital muscular dystrophy (CI-CMD) with merosin deficiency. 1094 99