Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085693 (acute appendicitis)
 3,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A three and one-half-year-old girl and a 12-year-old boy presented with features of the two clinical presentations of Castleman's disease or giant lymph node hyperplasia. The girl presented with anemia, fever, night sweats, hypergammaglobulinemia, and a palpable abdominal mass. Her symptoms were consistent with those seen in the plasma-cell type of this disease. The boy presented with acute appendicitis and a left hilar mass was noted on his chest radiograph. His asymptomatic presentation was typical of the hyaline-vascular form. Both patients are well without evidence of recurrence four years following resection. Castleman's disease is a benign disorder of lymph nodes that occurs rarely in children. Since the original report in 1954 we could find only 18 cases in the 16-year and younger age group and our patient with the symptomatic form represents the youngest patient reported in the English literature. The management requires surgical resection of the enlarged nodes both for diagnosis and therapy since the enlarged nodes can mimic malignant tumors of the lymphoid system. No recurrences have been reported in pediatric patients.
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PMID:Castleman's disease in children. 374

Bacteria were isolated from 153 (47.5%) swabs of the appendix fossa in 322 patients undergoing appendicectomy. The commonest organism was Bacteroides species found in 78% of specimens. Other Gram-negative bacilli such as Klebsiella, or Enterobacter, and Esch. coli were present in 29 and 27% respectively. Gram-positive cocci were less frequently isolated.A positive culture was obtained more commonly in perforated appendicitis (79%) than where chronic fibrosis, lymphoid hyperplasia, or acute appendicitis was present or when the appendix was normal. Bacteroides was isolated twice as often in perforated appendicitis. The incidence of wound infection was 19% and varied according to the state of the appendix, being 63% in perforated appendicitis and 9.5% where lymphoid hyperplasia was present. Bacteroides was isolated from over 90% of the wound infections. In the patients with perforated appendicitis where effective chemotherapy was given the incidence of wound infection was 15% whereas in untreated or inappropriately treated patients it was over 50%. The isolation of bacteroides requires special precautions to be taken both in the collection of the specimen and laboratory culture. It is important that the chemotherapy of postappendicectomy infections include an antibiotic active against bacteroides.
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PMID:Bacterial flora of the appendix fossa in appendicitis and postoperative wound infection. 421 5

An analysis was made of 3003 appendices seen in a ten-year period (1969-1978) in the Dunedin Hospital Surgical Pathology Laboratory. Acute appendicitis was found to be a disease of the young, with 1385 (80%) cases out of 1711 occurring in patients less than 30 years of age. Faecaliths and lymphoid hyperplasia were found only in a very small percentage of acute appendicitis cases, and this lends further support to the hypothesis that acute appendicitis is a disease of western culture where the diet is low in cellulose. There was no seasonal predilection for acute appendicitis. Other pathological conditions were discussed and illustrated. More normal appendices and more of those exhibiting non-acute conditions were removed from females. The submission of appendices for histological evaluation is a most worthwhile procedure, with a significant yield of unexpected important information.
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PMID:An analysis of the pathology of 3003 appendices. 694 May 46

The value of diagnostic laparoscopy was evaluated in 74 patients who had clinical signs of acute appendicitis. The average age was 27 years (5-67). The laparoscopically determined degree of inflammation was compared with the results of histologic examination, and the results of laparoscopic appendectomy were evaluated. In 6 patients laparoscopic appendectomy was not performed, because of infiltrative disease (twice), twisted ovary, ovulatory bleeding, enteritis and partially incarcerated inguinal hernia. In 2 patients suffering of acute appendicitis conversion to laparotomy was necessary because of obscured anatomy. On 57 out of 68 patients who underwent appendectomy, the laparoscopic findings were in accordance with histologic examination; i.e. 54 times acute appendicitis and 3 times appendix sana. In 7 patients the appendix was classified as inflamed during laparoscopy, histological examination revealing lymphoid hyperplasia or a subacute inflammation. In 4 patients with a laparoscopically normal appendix, inflammation was seen histologically. The average operation time was 29 minutes and the average postoperative hospital stay was 4 days. Three complications occurred: an inflammatory mass developed in 2 patients post-operatively and I patient had a hematoma in the trocar puncture site and a wound abscess developed. Laparoscopy is an aid in diagnosing appendicitis, and may prevent unnecessary appendectomy. If inflammation is established appendectomy can be performed safely and effectively.
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PMID:[Laparoscopy useful in the diagnosis and surgery of acute appendicitis]. 763 34

Idiopathic granulomatous appendicitis has been categorized as primary Crohn's disease of the appendix based on its pathologic features, although the clinical course of this condition simulates acute appendicitis. In this study we report the clinical and pathologic features of 10 cases of idiopathic granulomatous appendicitis and compare the histopathology to 14 appendices inflamed by Crohn's disease. The patients comprised six women and four men with an age range of 15 to 48 years (mean, 29 years). Six patients had acute onset of right lower quadrant abdominal pain while in three patients the presentation was subacute; one patient was asymptomatic. Focal neutrophilic infiltration of crypts with crypt abscesses, mucosal erosion and ulceration, fissures, transmural lymphoid aggregates, and mural fibrosis were comparable in idiopathic granulomatous appendicitis and Crohn's disease affecting the appendix. Fistulization occurred more commonly in Crohn's disease. Idiopathic granulomatous appendicitis contained 19.7 granulomas per tissue section (range, 2.75 to 71.0) compared with 0.3 granulomas per tissue section (range, 0 to 3.0) for appendices affected by Crohn's disease. No patient with granulomatous appendicitis treated by simple appendectomy had recurrence of disease at mean follow-up of 4.5 years. Our morphologic data support the clinical contention that idiopathic granulomatous appendicitis is nosologically distinct from Crohn's disease. Ironically, the presence of numerous granulomas is the histopathologic feature distinguishing idiopathic granulomatous appendicitis from Crohn's disease.
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PMID:Idiopathic granulomatous appendicitis, or Crohn's disease of the appendix revisited. 850 37

Acute appendicitis is a frequent abdominal pathology, more frequent in the childhood. The pathophysiology of acute appendicitis is obstruction of the appendix lumen and distension due to continued mucosal secretion. The second step is a rapid multiplication of resident bacteria, excretion of toxine and wall inflammation. Causes of this processes are different: in most of cases there is an hyperplasia of intrinsic lymphoid tissue (60%) or hard stool. Another cause may be foreign body. But is there a relationship between abdominal trauma and appendicitis?
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PMID:[Post-traumatic acute appendicitis. A case report]. 1734 94

We report here on the clinical courses of three cases of acute appendicitis during a period of myelosuppression after chemotherapy for acute leukemia. The patients were two boys and one girl with a mean age 11 years (range, 10-12). Two of the patients had acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in subtypes M1 and M2, while the third had acute lymphoblostic leukemia of subtype L1 (FAB classification). All patients had clinical features of fever, abdominal pain, and elevations of C-reactive protein. However, the typical peritoneal signs were blunted and developed transiently in two cases. All patients were diagnosed as having appendicitis with abdominal computed tomography scan (CT), and proceeded to appendectomy. With perioperative support utilizing antibiotics, antifungal agents, blood components, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, surgical intervention was successfully performed, and all patients were able to undergo chemotherapy courses shortly after surgery. Histological examinations of the appendectomy specimens showed infiltration of most of the lymphoid cells and a few neutrophils in the wall of the appendix. Enhanced CT was useful in diagnosing appendicitis, which needs to be considered in cases presenting with clinical symptoms such as described here. Because of a high mortality rate after appendix perforation, immediate surgical intervention with sufficient perioperative support should be performed.
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PMID:[Acute appendicitis during bone marrow suppression following chemotherapy for acute leukemia; report of three cases]. 1744 80

The association between parasitic infection of the appendix and acute appendicitis has been widely investigated. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of parasitic infection of the appendix in a tropical area at southeast Brazil and to assess its possible relation to acute appendicitis in surgically removed appendices. Of the 1,600 appendectomies performed during a 10-year period, 24 (1.5%) were found to have helminths within the appendix. Enterobius vermicularis was observed in 23 of the 24 specimens (95.8%), and Taenia sp. was detected in only one case. Sixteen patients (66.7%) were less than 10 years old; 15 patients were male and nine female; 21 patients were white, and three were nonwhites. Pathologic analysis disclosed acute neutrophilic inflammation in the appendix wall in 12 of the 24 specimens and lymphoid hyperplasia in 10 of the 24 appendices. Gangrenous appendicitis was diagnosed in three cases, and peritonitis was found in 11 of the 24 infected appendices. The results of the present study indicate that E. vermicularis is the commonest worm found in the appendix and that its presence can cause pathologic changes ranging from lymphoid hyperplasia to acute phlegmonous inflammation with life-threatening complications like gangrene and peritonitis.
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PMID:Parasitic infection of the appendix as a cause of acute appendicitis. 1785 89

The vermiform appendix may react as part of a generalized viral infection, but histological documentation of appendiceal viral infection is rare. Adenovirus has been described in association with mesenteric adenitis and ileocecal intussusception, but to our knowledge there are no well-documented cases of adenoviral appendiceal infection presenting clinically as acute appendicitis without intussusception. We reviewed the pathology records of all appendectomies performed at our institution from 2001 through 2005. All incidental appendectomies and appendices with acute appendicitis or other pathological findings were excluded. We selected all negative appendices with lymphoid hyperplasia and reviewed hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. Representative sections of each of these cases were immunostained with adenovirus antibody. Eight hundred seventy-seven appendectomies were performed during the study period. Of these, there were 94 cases that had a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis and that were pathologically negative. Sixty-three of the 94 cases had lymphoid hyperplasia and were stained for adenovirus. We identified 2 positive cases, which also showed epithelial proliferation and viral inclusions. One involved a 6-year-old male and the other involved a 5-year-old female, without intussusception. Adenovirus can infect the appendix and clinically mimic acute appendicitis without intussusception. We recommend that all negative appendices be evaluated for lymphoid hyperplasia and epithelial viral changes and possibly be stained with immunoperoxidase staining if indicated. We speculate that adenovirus may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis.
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PMID:Adenoviral appendicitis presenting clinically as acute appendicitis. 1799 Sep 36

From 1,600 surgically removed appendices, 24 (1.5%) were found to have helminths. Enterobius vermicularis was observed in 23 of the 24 specimens (95.8%) and Taenia sp was detected in only 1 (4.2%) case. Sixteen patients (66.7%) were less than 10 year-old; 15 patients were male and 9 female. Pathologic analysis disclosed acute neutrophilic inflammation in 12 cases and lymphoid hyperplasia in 10 of the 24 appendices. Gangrenous appendicitis was diagnosed in 3 cases and peritonitis was found in 11 of the 24 infested appendices. Parasitic infection of the appendix is an uncommon cause of acute appendicitis in children and adolescents.
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PMID:[Parasitic infection of the appendix and its possible relationship to acute appendicitis]. 1862 74


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