Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085693 (acute appendicitis)
 3,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve children with abdominal complaints had lymphoid hyperplasia of the bowel presenting in an acute or chronic form. The etiology is obscure. An infectious process is thought to precipitate the acute form of the disease. Parasites were identified in two patients with the chronic disease. The acute form, with involvement of the appendix or terminal ileum, presents commonly as acute appendicitis. Because of its self-limiting nature, appendectomy with perservation of the terminal ileum is appropriate. When intussusception is present, resection of the ileum is advisable. The chronic form, which is also common in the terminal ileum, produces disabling symptoms, recurrent intussusception, chronic anemia, and weight loss and is, therefore, amenable to surgical resection.
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PMID:Lymphoid hyperplasia of the bowel and its surgical significance in children. 100 12

The carbohydrate structure sialyl-Lewis X (SLex) can function as a ligand for E-selectin, formerly known as endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1). This study was performed to analyze the expression of SLex by leukocytes and other cell types in the context of inflammatory and immune processes. Human peripheral blood cells were examined by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibody CSLEX1 directed against SLex. Cell surface SLex was found in abundance on nearly all isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes, and at low levels on a substantial portion (up to 40%) of natural killer cells. This moiety was expressed also on approximately 10% of peripheral blood T cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed on various human tissues involved in inflammatory or immune processes and on secondary lymphoid tissues. In acute appendicitis, endothelial cells of postcapillary venules expressed E-selectin, and most PMN, both within vessels and extravasated, expressed SLex. A substantial number of monocytes/macrophages in inflamed appendiceal, synovial, and dermal tissues also reacted with antibody CSLEX1; however, only rare tissue macrophages in uninflamed nonlymphoid sites showed expression of SLex. These observations are consistent with the concept that SLex on circulating PMN and monocytes functions as a ligand for endothelial E-selectin in the development of inflammatory reactions. SLex-positive lymphocytes also were seen, notably, T lymphocytes in inflamed skin. An unexpected finding was that the CSLEX1 antibody also reacted with venular endothelium in certain lymphoid tissues and in inflamed appendix, but not with endothelium in normal appendix. Whether the SLex antigen identified on endothelium represents de novo expression or passive adsorption remains to be determined.
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PMID:Expression of sialyl-Lewis X, an E-selectin ligand, in inflammation, immune processes, and lymphoid tissues. 128 20

Inducible cell adhesion molecule 110 (INCAM-110), is a 110-kd adhesion receptor for lymphocytes and monocytes identified on cytokine-activated endothelium. Using immunoperoxidase techniques, little or no INCAM-110 was detected on endothelium in normal human tissues. In contrast, INCAM-110 was expressed in postcapillary venules in a variety of active inflammatory processes. In acute appendicitis, INCAM-110 was found coincident with strong expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), a cytokine-inducible molecule that functions in neutrophil adhesion. However, in certain chronic inflammatory processes (eg, sarcoidosis), INCAM-110 was observed without simultaneous ELAM-1 expression. Anti-INCAM-110 antibody E1/6 also marked several extravascular cell types, including lymphoid dendritic cells, some tissue macrophages, synovial lining cells, and reactive mesothelial cells. These data suggest a role for endothelial INCAM-110 in the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. Furthermore INCAM-110 may function as an adhesion molecule for mononuclear leukocytes in a variety of extravascular sites.
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PMID:Vascular and nonvascular expression of INCAM-110. A target for mononuclear leukocyte adhesion in normal and inflamed human tissues. 170 91

A case of acute appendicitis with features of measles inflammatory reaction is studied. Two types of lymphoid polykaryons are seen: Warthin Finkeldey cells inside germinal centres (LN1 ++, LN2 +, L26 +, MB1 +, MB2 +/-) and multinucleate plasma cells in the lamina propria (mu +, alpha ++, kappa +, lambda +). Both types of polykaryon are devoid of inclusions. The search for viral genetic information by in situ hybridization was negative in these cells. A positive signal was observed in interfollicular mononuclear cells and rare enterocytes. A possible mechanism of fusion from without, acting at the beginning of the disease to induce the appearance of polykaryons, is discussed.
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PMID:Do measles early giant cells result from fusion of non-infected cells? An immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study in a case of morbillous appendicitis. 192 66

Inflammation of the appendix is a common cause of acute abdominal pain. The etiology and pathophysiology of appendicitis have been well described. The initiating factor often is obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by inspissated stool, barium, food, parasites, or hyperplastic lymphoid tissue. Two patients have been identified who developed appendicitis temporally related to blunt abdominal trauma, without other clear etiology. Although absolute documentation of trauma as an etiologic factor in these cases is difficult, theoretical mechanisms for the occurrence are discussed. In the setting of right lower quadrant pain following mild to moderate blunt abdominal trauma, acute appendicitis should be considered as a possibility.
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PMID:Acute appendicitis following blunt abdominal trauma. Incidence or coincidence? 163 93

Acute appendicitis is an uncommon complication of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and can readily be misdiagnosed because of the acute abdominal pain with which patients with IM occasionally present. A case report is presented of a patient with IM who developed acute appendicitis during the acute phase of the illness. The appendicitis progressed to the formation of an abscess, which was evacuated at surgery. Histologic examination of the appendix showed absence of lymphoid follicles in the mucosal layer and intense lymphoid infiltration of the mucosa and submucosa by a mixed diffuse proliferation of lymphoid cells with groups of immunoblasts scattered among them. The lymphoid infiltrate was mainly composed of T lymphocytes; the anticomplementary immunofluorescent staining of the appendix for EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) was negative. Three cases of appendicitis complicating IM published in the literature are reviewed. All had clinical and histopathologic features similar to those of our patient and were cured after surgery. Our case report together with the literature review confirms that appendicitis in the acute phase of IM has distinct clinical and histopathologic features and thus has to be considered a true complication of IM rather than merely a simultaneous disease.
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PMID:Acute appendicitis complicating infectious mononucleosis: case report and review. 218 98

An analysis was made of 405 appendices removed with the preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically in 334 organs. Morphological changes in the appendix were found to correlate with the duration of symptoms. 25% of the acutely inflamed appendices showed significant lymphoid hyperplasia which support the theory that obstruction by lymphoid hyperplasia is important in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis. Faecoliths, Enterobius vermicularis and schistosomal ova were found in 6.3% and 2.4% of inflamed organs.
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PMID:Analysis of the pathology of 405 appendices. 225 67

The authors reviewed the records of 48 patients, 24 under age 5 and 24 over age 60, from a total of 690 patients who underwent emergency appendectomy for acute appendicitis between 1974 and 1989. The natural history of acute appendicitis was similar for the two groups. A perforated appendix was found in 20.8% of patients under age 5 and in 37.5% of patients over age 60; the corresponding rate for the total of 690 patients was 12.8%. The high percentage of perforation, when compared to the total of patients, is probably due to the thin wall of the appendix in infants and to the inability of the child to communicate the effective symptoms. As for the elderly, a reduction of the lymphoid and muscular tissues associated with a reduced lumen and vascularization of the organ, and at last, a delay in seeking medical care could account for the high perforation rate. The most common complications were due to infection. The mortality rate was 0% in children and 8.3% in the over-sixty age group.
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PMID:[Acute appendicitis in patients under 5 and over 60 years of age]. 228 53

Ninety-seven Japanese patients with so-called primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS-NHL), unrelated to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or organ transplantation, were reviewed. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 87 years (median: 58 years) with a male to female ratio of 1.77:1. The most frequent past histories were acute appendicitis (appendectomy), head injury, uveitis or iritis, and gastritis or gastric ulcer. These patients presented with symptoms suggesting an expanding intracranial lesion with no signs of extracranial lymphomatous disease. Combined computed tomographic scans, angiography, and findings at surgery or autopsy showed that the cerebrum was the commonest site of involvement, 87% of all cases, with the frontal to temporal region being the most commonly involved. Histologically, the diffuse large-cell type was most frequent and 26% of lymphomas were of high-grade malignancy as defined by the Working Formulation. The reported frequency of high-grade CNS-NHLs in AIDS patients in the United States is much higher (over 60%). Immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections revealed a B-cell nature of the present series of tumors. In 16% of the cases, large numbers of small lymphoid cells with a positive reaction predominantly for anti-T lymphocyte antibodies surrounded the tumors or aggregated around the capillaries. The tumors which were infiltrated by small lymphoid cells showed more favorable prognosis than those which were not, suggesting a host reaction to tumor growth in these patients.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system in Japan: histologic and immunohistologic studies. 232 40

Electron microscopic observation was made on microfold cells (M cells) in the covering epithelium of the lymphoid follicle (dome epithelium) of the intestine. Materials consisted of ten human appendices, five of those were inflamed and obtained from children with acute appendicitis. The remainder was not inflamed macroscopically, and there was one human Peyer's patch for control. The results indicate that in the human appendix, the elevated surface type of M cells named by protruding apical cytoplasm to the lumen was more conspicuous than the depressed surface type. The latter type was named by shorter irregular microvilli than those of neighboring cells, and was present dominantly in human Peyer's patch. M cells with enfolded lymphocytes consisted of the stumpy type and the slim type in the whole shape. M cells in the inflamed appendix showed their apical cytoplasm swelling like a balloon and microfolds disappearing, and seemed vulnerable to inflammation. It is considered that the M cell surface structure changes not only in accordance with enfolded lymphocytes and the uptake of antigenic materials, but also according to the organ in which M cells are present and whether inflammation is present or not.
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PMID:Electron microscopic study of microfold cells (M cells) in normal and inflamed human appendix. 340


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