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Query: UMLS:C0085693 (acute appendicitis)
 3,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A histologic examination was made of all appendices delivered to the Dept. of Pathology, Sundby Hospital, Copenhagen, in 1980-87, to ascertain the incidence of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and the possible relation to acute appendicitis. Altogether 2267 appendices were examined, and E. vermicularis was identified in 4.1%. The highest incidence occurred in the 6- to 15-year age group. Infestation was more frequent in female than in male appendices, with the ratio of 1 male to 1.8 females, except in the 11- to 15-year age group, in which the ratio was 1. There was a highly significant difference in the incidence of E. vermicularis in normal appendices and in inflamed appendices, which may indicate that 1) the presence of E. vermicularis in the appendix can give the symptoms of acute appendicitis, or 2) E. vermicularis leaves or does not enter an inflamed appendix.
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PMID:Appendicitis and Enterobius vermicularis. 185 57

The clinicopathological features of schistosomiasis of the appendix are discussed, based on the clinical presentation, operative findings and morphological changes in the specimens of patients seen in Ibadan between 1980 and 1989. Schistosoma haematobium was implicated as the causal agent of a granulomatous inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia and fibrosis. Intramuscular oviposition was associated with frank acute appendicitis, and serosal involvement resulted in peritoneal adhesions, with ileoileal intussusception in one patient. The actual role of schistosomal infestation as a contributory factor in appendicitis is still open to debate, but the diagnosis must be entertained in patients in the tropics with features of acute appendicitis or recurrent abdominal pain.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis of the appendix. 195 89

Acute appendicitis is among the most common indications for exploratory laparotomy during pregnancy. Although usually pyogenic in origin, parasitic infections account for a small percentage of cases. We report here the association of pregnancy and appendicitis caused by Schistosoma japonicum. Schistosomiasis is a very common complication of pregnancy, with 250,000,000 persons infected worldwide, including 20% of pregnant women living in hyperendemic areas. Schistosome egg masses can lodge throughout the body and cause acute inflammation of the appendix, fallopian tube, liver, and spleen. Congestion of pelvic vessels during pregnancy facilitates passage of eggs into the villi and intervillous spaces, causing an inflammatory reaction. Fetal anoxia and subsequent death has been attributed to heavy infestation of the placenta. Tourism, far-ranging military actions, and immigration make this disease a potential challenge for practitioners everywhere.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis associated with rupture of the appendix in pregnancy. 250 94

The role of schistosomes in the pathologenesis of acute appendicitis in an endemic area was investigated. Of 1600 appendicectomies received in our laboratory, 26 showed appendiceal schistosomiasis, which prompted what we believe to be the first detailed histopathological evaluation of all appendices with schistosomal infestation, without prior knowledge of the clinical and operative diagnoses. The results suggest that there are two types of schistosomal appendicitis, each with distinct clinicopathological features and different pathogenetic mechanisms. They could be called obstructive and granulomatous schistosomal acute appendicitis, respectively.
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PMID:Appendicular schistosomiasis: a cause of clinical acute appendicitis? 310 29

An evaluation was made of the histological material obtained from all 1529 appendices removed during the last 5 years at Southmead Hospital, Bristol, in order to elucidate possible relationships between the incidence of Enterobius vermicularis and the origin of inflammation in the appendix. In total, 1419 appendices were removed as cases of clinical appendicitis and 110 in the course of another surgical procedure. E. vermicularis was identified in 2.7 per cent of patients with clinical appendicitis and was most commonly seen in appendices with either chronic inflammation or where the appendix was histologically normal. E. vermicularis was rarely associated with histological changes of acute appendicitis. No cases of E. vermicularis infestation occurred in appendices removed during the course of other surgical procedures. The results suggest that, although E. vermicularis may have a causal role in appendicular pain and chronic inflammation, it is rarely related to acute appendicitis.
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PMID:Role of Enterobius vermicularis in the aetiology of appendicitis. 365 83

The authors recently encountered a patient with omental anisakiasis who presented with features of acute appendicitis and who made an uneventful recovery following resection of an inflammatory omental mass containing the larva(e). Anisakiasis refers to infestation of humans by species of marine nematode larvae belonging to the subfamily Anisakinae. Although this condition is rarely reported in the United States, it has been well described both in Holland and in the Orient. Several publications in the Japanese literature have detailed the morphology of the parasite and the clinical symptoms of infestation. The source of infestation is most often raw or uncooked fish, the latter widely enjoyed as a foodstuff in the Orient, but less popular in the United States. With the growing popularity of "sushi" bars and the increasing numbers of Americans developing a taste for raw fish, this condition may become more prevalent in the future.
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PMID:Omental anisakiasis: a rare mimic of acute appendicitis. 662 18

During the past five years, ten documented cases of hepatic amebic abscess have required surgical intervention at Olive View Hospital, Van Nuys, California. Three of the patients underwent laparotomy when an hepatic abscess ruptured into the peritoneal cavity, and two required surgical intervention when an abscess invaded adjacent organs. Another abscess continued to enlarge despite metronidazole therapy and still another became superinfected with bacteria. In the remaining three patients, surgical procedure would have been avoided if the correct diagnosis had been made. In fact, the preoperative diagnosis in five cases was acute appendicitis. All patients survived. The incidence of Entamoeba histolytica infestation is increasing in our community. Although most patients rapidly improve with metronidazole therapy, surgical complications do arise and diagnoses are missed. This series of cases emphasizes the need for surgeons working in Southern California to familiarize themselves with the clinical features, complications and appropriate surgical treatment of amebiasis.
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PMID:Amebic abscess of the liver: surgical aspects. 706 68

One hundred and sixty nine cases of acute appendicitis were seen among 760 children aged to zero to 15 years treated for a variety of acute abdominal emergencies in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, during the period January 1982 to 1991. This condition ranks second among cases of acute abdominal emergencies in this group of patients. Those aged 13 to 15 years formed the majority (59 pc) of the children undergoing appendicectomy. As is the experience of other authors, appendicitis is rare under the age of three years. A female preponderance is observed in our study with a male: female ratio of 1:1,6 in contrast to reports elsewhere. The reason for this reversal is not clear. Parasitic infestation due to Ascaris lumbricoides involved 3 pc of our cases. This may be of significance in the aetiology of this disease. Despite the long delay in surgical intervention, no death was reported. Complications such as gangrene and perforation with peritonitis were recorded in only 8 pc of the patients. This favourable outcome despite a delay in initiating treatment may be related to self-medication with antimicrobials before reporting to the hospital.
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PMID:Appendicitis in south eastern Nigerian children. 778 78

The role of Enterobius vermicularis in appendicitis has been disputed. The aims of this retrospective study were to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis in surgically removed appendices and to relate this to the age and sex of the patient, the time of the year, the presence of symptoms and the histological findings. The study included all appendices received in this laboratory during the 5 year period from 1984 through to 1988. There were 1867 appendices during this period of which 1108 were acutely inflamed and 759 were not inflamed (although 149 of these showed other pathological changes). The mean age distribution of all patients was 22.8 years. Enterobius vermicularis was identified in 63 appendices (3.4%). Infestation was more frequent in female (4.6%) than in male (1.9%) patients. The peak age was 12.8 years in females and 12.1 years in males. Of 63 patients who had E. vermicularis, 98% presented with symptoms of acute or recurrent appendicitis, yet 40 had no histological evidence of appendicitis or mucosal invasion by the parasite and only four had other possible explanations for abdominal pain. In an analysis of the subgroup of 147 patients who had incidental appendectomy at the time of laparotomy for other reasons, only one had E. vermicularis. It is concluded that E. vermicularis occurs more frequently in uninflamed appendices. It may be a cause of symptoms resembling acute appendicitis although the mechanism for this does not involve mucosal invasion by the parasite.
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PMID:Enterobius vermicularis: a possible cause of symptoms resembling appendicitis. 794 67

Ascaris lumbricoides is a worldwide intestinal infestation that may cause various complications. Biliary ascariasis, however, is a rare condition. We describe a child with biliary ascariasis. The patient's clinical symptoms were pain, vomiting and abdominal tenderness, and she was thought to have acute appendicitis. However, laboratory examination revealed high serum alkaline phosphatase and amylase levels, and ultrasonography and percutaneous cholangiography demonstrated biliary ascariasis. The patient was successfully treated with mebendazole and antispasmolytic drugs.
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PMID:Biliary ascariasis. A case report. 856 Jun 8


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