Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085693 (acute appendicitis)
 3,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

11.7% of all cases with inability to work, 11.3% of all days with inability to work, and 13.6% of all dismissals from hospital of working people concern diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterological diseases occupy an anterior place in inability to work. The inability to work is essentially determined by 7 diagnoses--gastritis and duodenitis, cholelithiasis, gastroenteritis and colitis, cholecystitis and cholangitis, ulcus ventriculi and duodeni, acute appendicitis. They comprise 78% of the days of inability to work. The endoscopic diagnostics is further to be developed with the further improvement of the organisation of treatment, particularly the cooperation between outpatient department and hospital and the interdisciplinary work.
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PMID:[Inability to work in gastrointestinal diseases]. 53 9

Primary pneumococcal peritonitis is an uncommon condition 1st identified in 1885. It occurs when peritoneal inflammation is present in the absence of an intraabdominal source of infection. In the preantibiotic era, the condition accounted for 2% of childhood abdominal emergencies largely among girls aged 2-10 years. Mortality was 42-100%, with death sometimes occurring within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. This condition now present in female adults, is associated with IUD use, and is comparatively common in India. Consideration should therefore be given to the existence of primary pneumococcal peritonitis when diagnosing and managing abdominal emergencies. The pneumococcus may enter the peritoneal cavity via the female genital tract, blood, or through transmural spread from the gastrointestinal tract. No evidence supports a relationship between type of IUD and/or length of time in place, and the onset of peritonitis. Given pneumococcus' commensal existence in the upper respiratory tract, urogenital sex may facilitate its entrance to the peritoneal cavity through the female genital tract. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting generally present, while the patient may also be pyrexial and dehydrated. In diagnosing this condition, the practitioner may confuse it with acute appendicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or gastroenteritis if in the early stages of peritonitis. Diagnosis is often confirmed only thorough laparotomy, but abdominal paracentesis and/or abdominal ultrasound may also be employed as diagnostic aids. Laparotomy and a regime of antibiotics is the preferred treatment. 2 case studies are discussed.
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PMID:Primary pneumococcal peritonitis. 159 42

Recent work by epidemiologists and microbiologists has uncovered several hitherto unrecognized food-borne bacterial pathogens of public health significance. One of these, Listeria monocytogenes, has attracted considerable attention because of two major cheese-related outbreaks of listeriosis that were characterized by cases of meningitis, abortion, and perinatal septicemia. Thus far, L. monocytogenes has been responsible for well over 300 reported cases of food-borne listeriosis, including about 100 deaths, and has cost the dairy industry alone more than 66 million dollars as a result of product recalls. The ability of L. monocytogenes to grow at refrigeration temperatures, coupled with appearance of the pathogen in raw and processed meats, as well as poultry, vegetables, and seafood, makes this bacterium a serious threat to susceptible consumers and to the entire food industry. Yersinia enterocolitica, another psychrotrophic food-borne pathogen of recent concern, was linked to several outbreaks of yersiniosis associated with consumption of both raw and pasteurized milk, as well as contaminated water. Food-borne infections involving Y. enterocolitica typically result in enterocolitis, which may be mistaken for acute appendicitis. Unfortunately, inadvertent removal of healthy appendixes from victims of food-borne yersiniosis is all too common. Although known for many years, Campylobacter jejuni has only recently been recognized as a food-borne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. Notable outbreaks of campylobacteriosis linked to consumption of raw milk, cake icing, eggs, poultry, and beef have underscored the need for thorough cooking and proper handling of raw products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:"New" food-borne pathogens of public health significance. 250 76

Acute abdominal pain (AAP) is one of the most frequent causes of admission to an emergency department of a childrens' hospital. The diagnosis viewed with the most apprehension is acute appendicitis. We present the results of a prospective study on the evaluation of the clinical and paraclinical symptoms generally observed in an AAP, and discuss the benefit of a diagnostic score for acute appendicitis. Twenty-five different diagnoses were observed, the 5 most frequent being: "non specific" (34.2%), constipation (16%), otorhinolaryngological infection (11.6%), gastroenteritis (10.7%) and acute appendicitis (10.5%). The study of 12 symptoms showed an elevated sensitivity for each one (92-50%), but a low positive predictive value (72-12%). Rigid adhesion to a diagnostic score would have led to unnecessary medical examination.
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PMID:[Prospective evaluation of admission for acute abdominal pain in children]. 279 8

576 patients admitted for suspected acute appendicitis were prospectively assessed by sonography following physical examination. The collective comprised - as proven by operation - 156 patients with acute appendicitis, 178 patients with chronic appendicitis or mesenteric lymphadenitis, as proven by observation, 186 patients suffering from gastroenteritis. 56 patients suffered from other diseases and 21 of them required urgent surgery. Based on clinical symptoms, correct diagnosis had been made in 433 patients (75%): gastroenteritis n = 186, chronic appendicitis or lymphadenitis n = 111 and acute appendicitis n = 136 (87%). In 123 patients the diagnosis was false positive, in 20 patients false negative. Based on sonographic assessment, 537 patients (93%) were correctly diagnosed; thus, in 129 patients (83%) an inflamed appendix was confirmed, in 56 patients; diagnosis of unrelated entities requiring urgent surgery correct in 21 cases. In 12 patients with mesenteric lymphadenitis - as proven by operation-a false positive, in another 27 patients with acute appendicitis a false negative diagnosis was made. The combination of clinical assessment and sonographic diagnosis yielded a correct diagnosis in 97% (560/576) comprising 414 true negative and 146 true positive results (94%) in respect of acute appendicitis.
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PMID:[Ultrasound study of "acute appendicitis," an elective procedure or obligation in general surgery. A prospective study]. 331 23

A prospective study was conducted on 344 children aged from 3 months to 16 years with acute appendicitis. Most children presented with typical features of acute appendicitis (70%) or peritonitis (28%). Atypical presentation was uncommon and occurred only in seven young children, masquerading as intestinal obstruction, gastroenteritis or urinary tract infection. Prolonged delay in surgery was associated with a rise in incidence of late appendicitis (gangrenous and perforated appendicitis). This rise was especially marked 37 h after onset of symptoms. The main causes of delay were inability of the parents and primary care medical practitioners to recognize the disease early. Surgeons contributed very little to the delay. High risk factors for postappendectomy sepsis were young children under 6 years old, late appendicitis, obese patients, inferior systemic antibiotic regimes and inexperienced surgeons. Young children had high postoperative sepsis mainly because of the high incidence of late appendicitis due to their inability to express their symptoms properly. They were not especially prone to postappendectomy sepsis; they had the same degree of appendicitis compared with older children. Measures to decrease the postappendectomy morbidity are suggested.
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PMID:Acute appendicitis in children. 343 36

Stool specimens of 478 children with enteritic symptoms were screened for enteropathogenic bacteria over a 5-month period. 28 cases of infection due to Campylobacter jejuni were found. The incidence of Campylobacter enteritis exceeded that of salmonella and shigella infections recorded over the same period (17 and 11 cases, respectively). Infected children-aged between 2 months and 15 1/2 years-presented with symptoms of mild gastroenteritis. 18 patients had bloody diarrhoea, whilst 4 children aged between 4 and 9 years with abdominal pain showed a clinical picture mimicking acute appendicitis. Two severely dehydrated infants required parenteral fluids, but in the remaining cases dietetic treatment alone proved satisfactory.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and clinical aspects of Campylobacter enteritis in childhood]. 389 Mar 73

The incidence of campylobacter gastroenteritis in the population of Nottingham over a period of 3 years was studied. There was a seasonal variation with the highest number of cases occurring in the summer months. Campylobacter sp. were isolated from the stools of a total of 780 patients over this period. Of these 160 patients with gastroenteritis required admission to hospital. These patients' illness had an acute onset, and the predominant features were diarrhoea, severe abdominal pain, nausea and bright red blood with the stool. However not all the patients had diarrhoea. More than a third of the patients studied were less than 10 years old. The mean duration of symptoms was 4 days and the average stay in hospital was 5 days; some patients required prolonged admission (14 days). In a few cases campylobacter enteritis mimicked other clinical conditions including acute appendicitis. This study emphasises the importance of campylobacter enteritis as a cause of gastroenteritis in the community and the degree of morbidity associated with this illness.
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PMID:Campylobacter enteritis in Nottingham. 668 Nov 61

The Authors describe a rare case of Yersinia Enterocolitica (Y.E.) infection in a child affected by thalassemia. The onset of the disease was that of an acute enteritis with diarrhea, fever, vomiting and abdominal pain which subsequently evolved in a picture consistent with an acute appendicitis. Laparotomy was then performed and showed a marked suppurative mesenterial lymphadenitis with mild appendicular inflammation and Y.E. infection was suspected. Culture from lymphonodes confirmed the presence of Y.E. sensitive to tobramicin and CTM. The use of these chemiotherapic agents has been followed by a rapid clinical improvement. Our recent experience could suggest some practical considerations: 1) Culture of Y.E. should be routinely performed in all children affected by acute gastroenteritis and particularly in those, above 5 years of age, in which the infection can simulate acute appendicitis. 2) Special attention should be carried out in children affected by thalassemia who can easily present more serious disease often complicated by septicemia. 3) Therapy depends on the form and severity of the disease and should be always guided by in vitro sensitivity test because of the possibility of resistence of Y.E. against the most frequently used antibiotics in septicemia.
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PMID:[Yersinia enterocolitica infection in thalassemia. Report of one case (author's transl)]. 697 42

Many patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and abdominal pain are evaluated by the surgeon, and the majority have gastroenteritis, which can be treated with specific antimicrobials. There are some, however, who need more extensive investigation or who have an intra-abdominal infective process that requires surgical treatment. The one and a half decades of experience with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS has defined the role of the surgeon in treating patients with HIV. Major infective processes that may require surgical involvement include cytomegalovirus infection of the intestinal tract; appendicitis, which may be due to opportunistic infections; spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; cholecystitis; and obstructive jaundice with underlying sclerosis of the biliary tree. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are critical in the management of HIV-infected patients. For example, cytomegalovirus affecting the gastrointestinal tract may lead to perforation with the development of generalized fecal peritonitis; the clinical presentation of acute appendicitis in HIV patients may not include the usual rise in white blood cell count; and bacterial peritonitis in patients with AIDS may be caused by opportunistic pathogens or, as in the classical case, a single gram-negative bacillus or pneumococcus. This review article focuses on intra-abdominal infections in patients with HIV and AIDS.
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PMID:Surgical infections in AIDS patients. 775 66


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