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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Unit General Manager may normally be treated with total indifference or acute suspicion but anything he has to say about "efficiency savings" will certainly be treated with scepticism usually reserved for those claiming "the cheque is in the post". Staff will recognise this as another term for "cut backs". It may be most honest to say that since there is not enough money to cover increased demands it will have to be redistributed and this cannot be done without causing some suffering.
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PMID:The economic realities of the Health Service. 1028 28

When psychological and behavioral disorders of Alzheimer's disease appear suddenly, somatic, iatrogenic and reactive or relational psychological causes must be ruled out or treated before concluding that the cause is lesional. Non-pharmacological interventions should be privileged for the prevention and management of behavioral manifestations of mild to moderate intensity: psychological support of the patient (short therapies), training the caregiver, work on daily habits, reorganization of the home, behavioral measures against apathy and especially agitation, rehabilitation strategies, and therapy involving music, light, aromas, etc. Pharmacological therapies are only moderately effective in these disorders. They must be targeted and follow a sequence of prescription that maximizes tolerance and distinguishes treatment of acute and chronic states. Anticholinesterase agents may be useful in this domain to prevent or ease some symptoms (especially apathy). The efficacy of memantine must be confirmed by additional data. Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors agents may be useful not only in depression but also anxiety, emotional disturbances, irritability and compulsiveness. Atypical neuroleptics are better tolerated than the classic ones. They are most effective in this context but must be reserved for specific indications and limited in time because of the increased risk of stroke. Other psychotropics (benzodiazepines, carbamates, antiepileptics) should be used cautiously in this context.
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PMID:[Treatment of the psychological and behavioural disorders of Alzheimer's disease]. 1598 46

Depression, anxiety, emotionalism, irritability, and apathy are common findings in the neurological rehabilitation setting and are associated with poorer outcomes. This chapter outlines the importance of detecting and attending to these disorders. The authors recommend the systematic use of self-report measures, tailored for those with cognitive or motor difficulties, in combination with interview-based assessments where suspicion of the presence of a disorder is aroused. A stepped care scheme for coordinating rehabilitation services is presented which highlights the importance of training all staff to be aware of the possibility of patients presenting with emotional disorders and the need to equip all staff with the skills to make emotional enquiries and to carry out brief interventions where indicated. Interventions should be based upon a combination of watchful waiting and optimization of clinical care followed by evidence-based brief therapies such as problem solving, motivational interviewing, and behavioral activation. Antidepressant prescribing should be reserved for the more severe cases and protocols should involve a system for reviewing and time-limiting prescriptions. This chapter aims to aid those designing services to produce simple and widely understood programs that meet the needs of this inherently heterogeneous client base.
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PMID:Emotional disorders in neurological rehabilitation. 2331 58

Between 1892 and 1904, Alfred Binet (1857-1911) produced, in the psychology laboratory of the Sorbonne, a whole set of original works that still remains little known today. He integrated the laboratory, directed by the psychophysiologist Henry Beaunis (1830-1921), in 1891. We describe the circumstances that led Binet to take the direction of this laboratory in 1895 and present scientific investigations that were conducted there by Binet and his collaborators. For Binet, the laboratory was not narrowly limited to a set of rooms where experiments were conducted by means of sophisticated devices (experimental psychology), it was also a working area, regularly organized, where all the psychological documents were classified, whatever their origin (descriptive psychology). We show that Binet was a pioneer who is still little recognized in various areas of experimental psychology. Binet suffered, at the time, from the indifference of his contemporaries, but he especially regretted not being able to attract students to his laboratory due to the absence of diploma-offering programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Alfred Binet and experimental psychology at the Sorbonne laboratory. 2339 22

Dementia affects approximately 6.5% of people over the age of 65. Whilst cognitive impairment is central to the dementia concept, neuropsychiatric symptoms are invariably present at some stage of the illness. Neuropsychiatric symptoms result in a number of negative outcomes for the individual and their caregivers and are associated with higher rates of institutionalization and mortality. A number of factors have been associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms including neurobiological changes, dementia type, and illness severity and duration. Specific patient, caregiver and environmental factors are also important. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can be broadly divided into four clusters: psychotic symptoms, mood/affective symptoms, apathy, and agitation/aggression. Neuropsychiatric symptoms tend to persist over time although differing symptom profiles exist at various stages of the illness. Assessment should take into account the presenting symptoms together with an appreciation of the myriad of likely underlying causes for the symptoms. A structured assessment/rating tool can be helpful. Management should focus on non-pharmacological measures initially with pharmacological approaches reserved for more troubling symptoms. Pharmacological approaches should target specific symptoms although the evidence-base for pharmacological management is quite modest. Any medication trial should include an adequate appreciation of the risk-benefit profile in individual patients and discussion of these with both the individual and their caregiver.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric aspects of dementia. 2479 80

There is a growing interest in the distinction between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, along with a hypothesis of a fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism within individuals. There are several well-validated measures of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, but research has generally found that they are relatively distinct in their relations with their nomological networks. Further, the existing measures of narcissism do not actually assess for a possible fluctuation. The present study developed three scales of narcissistic fluctuation: fluctuation between indifference and anger, grandiosity and shame, and assertiveness and insecurity. Consistent with expectations, the FLUX scales correlated with both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, displayed convergent and discriminant validity with factor derived-narcissism scales and the five-factor model, and correlated at moderate-to-large effect sizes with measures of affective lability. The three FLUX scales were also reduced to one unidimensional nine-item scale of narcissistic fluctuation (the g-FLUX) that retained the correlational properties for the more specific scales and had incremental validity over the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory and Pathological Narcissism Inventory grandiose and vulnerable scales in accounting for affective lability. Results from the present study suggest that the FLUX scales may provide an informative assessment of a fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Assessment of fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: Development and initial validation of the FLUX scales. 2992 2

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 126(5) of Psychological Review (see record 2019-58645-001). In the article, the following citation was omitted: Goff, P. A., Thomas, M. A., & Jackson, M. C. (2008), "Ain't I a Woman?": Towards an intersectional approach to person perception and group-based harms. Sex Roles, 59, 392-403. All versions of this article have been corrected.] A growing body of research shows that older adults, Black women, and other groups often encounter stigmatization that manifests not as negative prejudice, but as indifference and inattention-that is, interpersonal invisibility. We propose an affordance-management theory to explain who is interpersonally invisible, to whom, and with what consequences. A social affordance-management perspective suggests that people seek to detect and strategically engage with those who facilitate or obstruct achievement of important goals. We argue that invisibility emerges from the perception that another person neither helps nor hurts one's ability to achieve chronically or acutely active goals. We thus distinguish among phenomena commonly subsumed under the term stigmatization: invisibility-based stigmatization of those perceived to be irrelevant, and threat-based stigmatization of those perceived to obstruct one's goals. Invisibility and threat-based stigmatization are theorized to differ in origin, manifestation, and impact. Furthermore, rather than being a static property of particular target groups, interpersonal invisibility dynamically emerges from perceiver goals, target cues, and situational features. Nonetheless, some perceivers, targets, situations, and goals are more likely to lead to invisibility than others. This affordance-based theory of invisibility helps to organize the heterogeneous field of stigma research; unifies a diverse array of social, cognitive, motivational, and affective phenomena; and suggests numerous novel directions for future stigma research from both perceiver and target perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:The stigma of perceived irrelevance: An affordance-management theory of interpersonal invisibility. 3158 Jan 43

Reports an error in "The stigma of perceived irrelevance: An affordance-management theory of interpersonal invisibility" by Rebecca Neel and Bethany Lassetter (Psychological Review, Advanced Online Publication, Jan 28, 2019, np). In the article, the following citation was omitted: Goff, P. A., Thomas, M. A., & Jackson, M. C. (2008), "Ain't I a Woman?": Towards an intersectional approach to person perception and group-based harms. Sex Roles, 59, 392-403. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2019-03858-001.) A growing body of research shows that older adults, Black women, and other groups often encounter stigmatization that manifests not as negative prejudice, but as indifference and inattention-that is, interpersonal invisibility. We propose an affordance-management theory to explain who is interpersonally invisible, to whom, and with what consequences. A social affordance-management perspective suggests that people seek to detect and strategically engage with those who facilitate or obstruct achievement of important goals. We argue that invisibility emerges from the perception that another person neither helps nor hurts one's ability to achieve chronically or acutely active goals. We thus distinguish among phenomena commonly subsumed under the term stigmatization: invisibility-based stigmatization of those perceived to be irrelevant, and threat-based stigmatization of those perceived to obstruct one's goals. Invisibility and threat-based stigmatization are theorized to differ in origin, manifestation, and impact. Furthermore, rather than being a static property of particular target groups, interpersonal invisibility dynamically emerges from perceiver goals, target cues, and situational features. Nonetheless, some perceivers, targets, situations, and goals are more likely to lead to invisibility than others. This affordance-based theory of invisibility helps to organize the heterogeneous field of stigma research; unifies a diverse array of social, cognitive, motivational, and affective phenomena; and suggests numerous novel directions for future stigma research from both perceiver and target perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:"The stigma of perceived irrelevance: An affordance-management theory of interpersonal invisibility": Correction to Neel and Lassetter (2019). 3068 73

The abject (the down and out), a visual tax on passersby and an economic tax on society, are easy and convenient to ignore. Homelessness, often, escapes the attention of institutions designed to address it. It is the duty of health providers to help society and policymakers to acknowledge the context and factors that beget ill health. These 55 words are a criticism of the indifference shown toward this important health issue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Passerby. 3181 19

Apathy is a debilitating syndrome that is associated with reduced goal-directed behavior. Although apathy is common and detrimental to prognosis in many neuropsychiatric diseases, its underlying mechanisms remain controversial. We propose a new model of apathy, in the context of Bayesian theories of brain function, whereby actions require predictions of their outcomes to be held with sufficient precision for "explaining away" differences in sensory inputs. In the active inference model, apathy results from reduced precision of prior beliefs about action outcomes. We tested this hypothesis using a visuomotor task in healthy adults (N = 47), with experimental manipulation of physical effort and financial reward. Bayesian modeling of performance and participants' perception of their performance was used to infer the precision of their priors. We confirmed that the perception of performance was biased toward the target, which was accounted for by relatively precise prior beliefs about action outcomes. These priors were consistently more precise than the corresponding performance distribution, and were scaled to effort and reward. Crucially, prior precision was negatively associated with trait apathy, suggesting that apathetic individuals had less precise prior beliefs about action outcomes. The results support a Bayesian account of apathy that could inform future studies of clinical populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Apathy is associated with reduced precision of prior beliefs about action outcomes. 3203 24


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