Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We can observe progressions through stages of symptoms, which are memory and cognitive loss, functional impairment and behavioral disinhibition or apathy, in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Medications of acethylcholine esterase inhibitors such as donepezil offer hope for improving or stabilizing the symptoms of AD temporarily. We desire that new pharmacological interventions up the stream of amyloid cascade theory of AD will be established. Many medical challenges and researches will be tried to find the cause of AD and eternal disease stabilization, or even prevention, may be possible in the future.
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PMID:[Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease--the present state and the development in the future]. 1180 19

Dysthymia is a depressive mood disorder characterized by chronic and persistent but mild depression. It is often difficult to be distinguished from major depression, specifically in its partially remitted state because "loss of interest" or "apathy" tends to prevail both in dysthymia, and remitted depression. Apathy may also occur in various psychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, stroke, Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington's disease, and dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. It is symptomatologically important that apathy is related to, but different from, major depression from the viewpoint of its causes and treatment. Antidepressants, especially noradrenergic agents, are useful for depression-related apathy. However, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be less effective for apathy in depressed elderly patients and have even been reported to worsen apathy. Dopaminergic agonists seem to be effective for apathy. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, methylphenidate, atypical antipsychotics, nicergoline, and cilostazol are another choice. Medication choice should be determined according to the background and underlying etiology of the targeting disease.
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PMID:Dysthymia and apathy: diagnosis and treatment. 2174 95