Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

India has formulated a nationally applicable, socially acceptable, and epidemiologically effective National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), which served as an example for many other countries. In the 1940s, the New Delhi Tuberculosis Center pioneered organized domiciliary treatment of TB cases; the Union Mission Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Madanapalle, had started conducting epidemiological surveys in the late 1930s; the 1954-56 national sample survey of TB is still considered a classic; and this was followed by outstanding longitudinal surveys and epidemiological studies demonstrating that BCG does not provide protection to adults against TB. Halfdan Mahler joined P.V. Benjamin in launching the National BCG Campaign in the 1950s. India demonstrated in the 1950s that home treatment of patients is as efficacious as sanatorium treatment. The National Tuberculosis Institute was set up in 1959 with the specific mandate of making TB services available to larger masses of people. Social science data were also collected to show that TB patients were seeking help from health institutions; they helped diagnose patients in remote rural areas, they proved that the TB program had to be part of the general health services, and they demonstrated the epidemiological potential of a felt-need oriented TB program. The NTP diagnosed TB cases in rural institutions by sputum examination and treated them with chemotherapy. The Tuberculosis Center at district headquarters (DTC) was responsible for providing training to health workers, keeping track of all TB cases and referring them. By 1983-84, the NTP program had been implemented in 353 districts and during that year 1,308,880 cases were treated. Nevertheless, hundreds of thousands of infectious patients are not treated because health authorities put priority on child immunization and are preoccupied with malaria and family planning. The indifference of the bureaucracy and public health leadership is to be blamed for thousands of TB deaths. The solution lies in strengthening the practice of public health.
 ...
PMID:The National Tuberculosis Programme and its implementation. 1228 91