Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro antibacterial activity of zidovudine alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin was investigated. Zidovudine showed a good activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella (MIC range 0.5-8 micrograms/ml and 1.5-62 micrograms/ml respectively) isolated from biological samples of HIV-infected patients. These strains proved to be extremely susceptible to ciprofloxacin alone. The interaction between zidovudine and ciprofloxacin ranged from additive activity to indifference. No antagonism was observed: the FIC index for every combination resulted < or = 1.5. The addition of AZT 1 mg/l (clinically achievable plasma concentration after therapeutic doses of 1200 mg/day) did not affect the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin; on the contrary, in some cases we observed an increase of bactericidal effect of the quinolone. These data have to be considered in patients with AIDS who can be treated concomitantly with zidovudine and ciprofloxacin.
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PMID:In vitro activity of zidovudine alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin against Salmonella and Escherichia coli. 836 19

A Federal judge in New York has ruled that an HIV-positive inmate has no cause of action against a prison physician who refuses to honor the prisoner's request for a specific therapy. [Name removed] W. [Name removed], an inmate of the Nassau County Correctional Facility on Long Island, sued the prison physician, the prison and others, because he was denied the drugs he sought to treat his HIV disease. [Name removed] asked to remain on the antiviral ddC, which he had been taking prior to his incarceration, and be administered Interferon, a therapy used for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The prison physician, Dr. T. Kashimawo, instead prescribed a combination of AZT and ddI, as well as acyclovir, which is used to control herpes. Kashimawo said that he chose the therapy because ddC was not approved for use as a single-drug therapy and is contraindicated for patients with a history of liver problems, such as [name removed]'s. In the lawsuit he prepared himself, [name removed] contended that Kashimawo's refusal to prescribe ddC and Interferon violated his right to sound medical care while in prison. However, a Federal judge decided that Kashimawo's actions did not constitute deliberate indifference to [name removed]'s medical needs, and felt that [name removed] had no evidence that would persuade a rational juror to conclude otherwise.
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PMID:Inmate not entitled to choose his own course of HIV medicines. 1136 3

Many studies have shown that brain infections occur early in HIV infection, usually within weeks of seroconversion. Asymptomatic seropositive persons frequently show HIV in the brain and spinal fluid. The most common presenting symptoms are memory loss, walking difficulties, mental slowing, and depressive symptoms. In patients with localized abnormalities, such as weakness, another opportunistic infection should be suspected. Most patients with HIV dementia have clear psychomotor slowing, greater than normal reflexes, and signs indicating widespread brain dysfunction. As the dementia progresses, patients develop language and attention problems, apathy, severe psychomotor slowing, and lack of insight. Delirium is a frequent side effect of the medicines used to treat dementia. Diagnosis is fairly simple, with MRI being used to rule out CMV, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and herpes. AZT and antiretrovirals offer protective effects to delay the onset and progression of AIDS dementia. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group has completed a study showing that nimodipine, a calcium-channel blocker, can lessen damage to the brain, and is safe and generally well tolerated. Combination therapies, such as antiretrovirals with cytokine blockers, will probably emerge as the treatment of choice for dementia.
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PMID:Diagnosing and treating HIV dementia. 1136 57

In [name removed] v. Smith County, Texas U.S. Magistrate Judith K. Guthrie dismissed an HIV-infected inmate's suit against prison officials, where he had received less than optimal drug therapy for his disease. Inmate [name removed] received appropriate doses of AZT and 3TC, but initially did not receive Crixivan; when he did receive it, it was at half the dose he took prior to incarceration. Dismissal was based on rulings by the 5th U.S. Circuit Court that inmates suing prison officials, claiming deliberate indifference, must show more than negligence. The judge further dismissed the inmate's claims under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act, saying that those Federal statutes are not applicable to correctional facilities. This ruling predated the U.S. Supreme Court's finding that prisons are subject to the ADA statutes.
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PMID:Giving improper dose of HIV drug is not proof of indifference. 1136 30

The 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that the Kansas Department of Corrections is not violating the rights of inmate [name removed] by refusing to give him protease inhibitors. [Name removed] charged this omission was cruel and unusual punishment even though he is being given an AZT-3TC combination. Although existing Federal guidelines state that effective antiviral therapy calls for the use of three drugs, Judge John Porfilio found that [name removed]' disagreement with the prison doctors about the course of his treatment did not constitute deliberate indifference.
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PMID:Inmate has no constitutional right to a protease inhibitor, court says. 1136 20