Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Under examination there were 27 patients with chronic renal insufficiency at various stages of hemodialysis treatment. The results obtained point to an impairment of the cognitive activity that manifested in exhaustability, apathy, working capacity fluctuations and memory deterioration due to a greater retroactive inhibition. An impairment of the operational aspect of the cognitive activity manifested in a lowering of the level of generalization and appearance (in cases of difficulties) of morbid philosophizing of the "operational weakness compensation" type. The disturbance of the motivation component of the psychic activity manifested in both distortion of the generalization processes and an inadequate position of the patient during the examination. It is concluded that the disturbances of the cognitive activity observed in the patients with chronic renal insufficiency should be considered in indissoluble connection with their personality changes.
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PMID:[Features of the cognitive activity of end-stage chronic renal failure patients]. 734 Mar 29

We performed a pilot study of 10 patients with the objective to determine the efficacy of interferon alpha-2a in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration with freshly diagnosed choroidal neovascular membrane. Interferon was given at a dose of 3 MIU/m2 three times a week for 8 weeks. Mean age of the patients was 74 years. In 3 patients we combined laser photocoagulation of extrafoveal part of the choroidal neovascular membrane to interferon therapy. The patients were followed up for 1 year after termination of interferon treatment. In 1 patient a visual improvement of two Snellen lines was noted, while in 7 patients visual acuity remained the same during the treatment (includes 3 patients treated with combined Krypton-laser photocoagulation). In 2 patients there was a decrease in acuity of one line. Six months later visual acuity had deteriorated in 7 patients and 1 year later all the patients had visual acuity < or = 20/200. We did not find any regression of choroidal neovascular membrane in fluorescein angiography in any of the patients during the treatment except the laser-treated area. At the 6-month follow-up there was still leakage or choroidal neovascular membrane growth in 6 patients. Combined interferon-laser therapy did not prove to be more effective in preventing the membrane growth. Side-effects included weakness, apathy, and fatigue in this elderly population. Our results indicate that treatment with 3 MIU/m2 interferon for 8 weeks is not an effective treatment for subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes.
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PMID:Interferon alpha-2a in the treatment of exudative senile macular degeneration. 753 27

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder involving muscle, brain, heart, eyes and endocrine organs, among others. The molecular basis is an unstable trinucleotide repeat at the 3'-untranslated end of the myotonin protein kinase gene on chromosome 19 q 13.3, and the number of repeats correlates with the severity of muscle weakness. We performed a clinical, psychometric and MRI study on 43 patients with DM and correlated findings with the molecular analysis. Nineteen patients had mild distal muscle weakness, 17 moderate und 7 severe weakness. Thirteen had marked cognitive deficits with reduced speed of cognition, low IQ, and apathy. MRI showed pathological muscle signal in 35 cases with a characteristic mosaic involving distal muscle groups, often sparing the posterior tibial muscle. Cerebral MRI showed significant subcortical white matter lesions in 20 cases and brain atrophy in 15 cases. Clinical and MRI findings of CNS and muscle both correlated with CTG repeat length, but did not parallel each other. DM is a significant disease of the brain as well as muscle, and several aspects of the disease correlate with molecular findings, with a threshold effect for repeats exceeding 1000 trinucleotides. The individual predominance of specific organ involvement probably depends on variable somatic mosaicism of the molecular defect.
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PMID:[Myotonic dystrophy: magnetic resonance tomography and clinico-genetic correlations]. 763 29

Many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have signs and symptoms of easy fatigability, fluctuating weakness, apathy, dry mouth, and blurring of vision. These symptoms can be confused with disorders of neuromuscular transmission. When present, the physician may want to determine whether the patient has myasthenia gravis--the commonest of all neuromuscular disorders--and administer the edrophonium (Tensilon) test. An unequivocally positive response to the test must be interpreted with caution in ESRD. However, the exact mechanism of a positive response is unclear but may be explained by metabolic abnormalities related to end-stage renal disease, i.e., uremic toxins, disordered calcium metabolism, abnormal neuromuscular mechanism, associated neurological disorders, or myopathic processes in uremia, all of which can affect neuromuscular transmission.
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PMID:Interpretation of positive edrophonium (Tensilon) test in patients with end-stage renal disease. 777 Jun 46

Outbreaks of narasin poisoning in rabbits from several commercial rabbit-raising farms in the state of Parana, Brazil, are reported. Approximately 5,000/35,000 rabbits died after having consumed a pelleted ration to which poultry ration premix had been added. Clinical signs included apathy, anorexia, muscle weakness, impaired walking, diarrhea, respiratory distress, and opistothonus. Gross findings were not remarkable, but varying degrees of degeneration, necrosis and regeneration of skeletal muscles were consistent histopathological features in affected rabbits. Myocardial changes were mild or absent. Thirty ppm of narasin were detected in the ration fed the rabbits. The disease was experimentally reproduced by feeding the suspected ration and by administering narasin po to rabbits.
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PMID:Ionophore antibiotic (narasin) poisoning in rabbits. 783 70

A 3-year-old girl with left hemiparesis suffered from bilateral paresis, motor rigidity, gait disturbance, axial hypotonia, dysarthria, apathy, and incontinence. After steroid therapy, mild improvement occurred, but muscle weakness, gait disturbance, and rigidity remained. Leigh encephalopathy was excluded on the basis of muscle biopsy and laboratory findings. Computed tomography and serial magnetic resonance imaging at an early stage revealed right-sided dominant lesions in the putamen and caudate nucleus and later bilateral striatal lesions, appearing as hyperintense signals on T2-weighted images and mixtures of hypo- and hyperintense signals on T1-weighted images. This is the first demonstration of serial magnetic resonance imaging findings in infantile bilateral striatal necrosis.
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PMID:Serial MRI in infantile bilateral striatal necrosis. 802 66

In a fattening pig herd comprising 80 animals 13 were affected with clinical manifest toxoplasmosis presumably due to cat feces in the food. Seven pigs died, one was killed in extremis. The clinical signs were anorexia, apathy, fever, cyanosis, dyspnoea and partly hind limb weakness. One pig that died 3 days after onset of clinical signs had widespread necroses in liver and lymphatic organs. Single tachyzoites were detected by immunoperoxidase technique. One pig dying on day 11 and another euthanatized the same day showed severe desquamative and interstitial pneumonia and marked non suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis as well as necrotic foci mostly infiltrated with mononuclear cells in liver, adrenals and lymphatic organs. In all affected organs toxoplasmas were demonstrated histologically and immunohistologically. Every 2 surviving pigs were killed 40 days and 20 weeks, respectively, after recovery. These animals had high antibody titers against toxoplasma gondii and showed severe non suppurative meningoencephalitis and toxoplasma cysts in the brain without preceding clinical signs. In the lymphatic organs a marked hyperplasia was observed.
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PMID:[Toxoplasmosis epizootic in a fattening swine herd]. 822 41

Chronic renal failure as consequence of renal dysplasia was diagnosed in three young adult Dutch kooiker dogs (Dutch decoy dogs). Two animals were anorectic from an early age and were thinner than healthy dogs of the same breed. All three were presented because of apathy and weakness. Laboratory examination revealed anaemia and uraemia. One dog was presented with severe dehydration and died during emergency treatment. One dog was euthanatised because of a poor prognosis, and one was given a low-protein diet. This dog survived for 7 months after the diagnosis of chronic renal failure. At necropsy all three animals had shrunken, pale, and firm kidneys that showed microscopical lesions characteristic of canine renal dysplasia, such as asynchronous differentiation of nephrons, persistent immature mesenchyme, persistent metanephric ducts, and adenomatoid proliferation of the tubular epithelium. Secondary degenerative and inflammatory changes consisted of interstitial fibrosis and predominantly lymphocytic/plasmacytic inflammation. This is the first report of renal dysplasia in the Dutch kooiker dog. The disease should be included in the differential diagnosis in young Dutch kooiker dogs with signs of chronic renal failure. The presentation of three cases of this rare disease in this breed, which is based on a rather small gene pool, suggests that it is a familial or hereditary nephropathy.
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PMID:Renal dysplasia in three young adult Dutch kooiker dogs. 981 Jun 31

An autopsy case of myotonic dystrophy (MD) is reported. The patient was a 58-year-old male. He presented with muscular weakness and muscular atrophy at the age of 33 and was diagnosed as having MD from myotonic symptoms (i.e. percussion and grip myotonia) at 49 years old. Mental disorders including a delusional hallucinatory state, mental slowness, indifference, and lack of spontaneity as well as visual cognitive impairments were noted at the age of 55. He showed Parkinsonism and died of septic shock. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse cortical atrophy with a marked frontal atrophy and high-intensity signals in the white matter. Single photon emission computed tomography demonstrated hypoperfusion in the frontal cortex. Neuropathologic observation revealed neuronal loss in the superficial layer of the frontal and parietal cortices and extensive neuronal loss in the occipital cortex, intracytoplasmic inclusion body in the nerve cell of the medial thalamic nuclei, neuronal loss and presence of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus corresponding to the pathologic features of Parkinson's disease, as well as abnormalities of myelin in the white matter. The present case suggests that in MD brain, various neuropathologic changes may occur and they contribute to the mental disorders.
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PMID:An autopsy case of myotonic dystrophy with mental disorders and various neuropathologic features. 1020 Dec 84

An 18-year-old woman in her first pregnancy with hyperemesis gravidarum, presented dehydration, without hyponatremia. She was confused with profound disorientation, apathy, and drowsiness. She presented upbeating nistagmus on upward gaze and gate ataxia recognised as Wernicke's encephalopathy. Laboratory tests demonstrated hypokalemia, hypernatremia and aminotransferase elevation. The serum osmolality was 319 mOsm/kg and the water deficiency 2.73 l. The patient developed weakness in the four limbs, with hypotonicity, absence of tendon reflexes and showed bilateral Babinski signs. A T2 weighted sagittal cranial-magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high signal within mid-pons suggesting central pontine myelinolysis. In this case we highlight the absence of hyponatremia. Furthermore, the central pontine myelinolysis was probably secondary to hypokalemia, hypernatremia and hyperosmolality.
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PMID:[Central pontine myelinolysis induced by hyperemesis gravidarum]. 1041 97


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