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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cyclosporin-A-treated renal allograft recipients have demonstrated an improved graft survival rate, when compared to that of patients treated with conventional azathioprine and steroid therapy. Cyclosporin-A has been used for immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplantation at the National Taiwan University Hospital since November 1985. Since then, the one-year graft survival rate has been 78%, and the patient survival rate is 91%. At our service, acute rejection is confirmed mainly by an increase in the serum creatinine level of 0.5 mg% per day and a subsequent return of kidney function to normal after pulse steroid therapy. Twenty patients receiving cyclosporin-A and suffering from acute rejection episodes were chosen for comparison with 18 patients receiving conventional azathioprine and steroid therapy. Compared to conventional therapy, the classical systemic manifestations of rejection, such as malaise, lethargy, apathy, general weakness, vague discomfort, increase in body weight, swelling of graft with tenderness, were all more mild and less frequent in the cyclosporin-A-treated group. Episodes of rejection appeared earlier and the duration of rejection was shorter than in those of the conventional group. The urinary sodium concentration and the ratio of urine urea nitrogen to blood urea nitrogen were reliable references during the acute rejection episode in the conventional group, but it cannot be used as indices in the cyclosporine group. These findings can help us understand the changes which occurred in acute rejection in patients who receive renal transplantation during the cyclosporine era.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of acute rejection in renal allograft recipients receiving cyclosporin-A therapy. 168 Sep 67

During a natural outbreak of edema disease in different farms 160 weaned piglets showing the clinical symptoms of palpebral edema, mental discomfort and apathy were selected and divided into three groups. The groups were treated as follows: Group 1 (51 piglets) received twice daily one i. m. dose of Gentamycin (11 mg/kg body weight), Prednisolone (1 mg/kg body weight), Melperone (4 mg/kg body weight) for 3 days. Group 2 (55 piglets) received twice daily one i. m. dose of Amphetaminum Phosphoricum 1 mg/kg body weight for 3 days. Group 3 (54 piglets) untreated control. The result showed that group 2 treated with stimulant of the central nervous system gave the best results concerning survival. It ist the authors opinion that concerning clinical symptoms and therapy further classification is necessary.
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PMID:[The therapeutic effect of central nervous stimulants in edema disease of swine]. 790 69

A survey of 240 randomly selected female students (average age, 19.9 years) at the State University of Campinas in Sao Paulo, Brazil, provided comprehensive information about the physical, psychological, and psychosexual dimensions of adolescence. Over half reported negative feelings or indifference to body changes associated with puberty and 54% stated they did not receive information on sexual development from their parents. The average age at menarche was 12.3 years. 79% reported persistent menstruation-related discomfort (e.g., cramps, moodiness). Virginity until marriage was considered essential by 14%; to 42%, it made no difference in the context of a loving relationship. 44% of female students had experienced intercourse; the average age at initiation of sexual relations was 17.6 years. 78% stated the idea of having a child was fundamental or agreeable. 84% of sexually active students were using contraception (including unreliable methods such as rhythm). Although 65% viewed abortion as a theoretically acceptable option, only 8% indicated they would make this choice and just 6% had had an abortion. 6% of students considered themselves at risk of AIDS. Most students characterized their relationship with their parents as good, yet they preferred to talk to friends or siblings about sexual matters. Although these students appear to have satisfactorily negotiated most of the developmental tasks of adolescence, there was some evidence of failure to resolve independence-dependence conflicts.
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PMID:Psychosexual characteristics of female university students in Brazil. 808 94

Apathy and reduced self-awareness are frequent occurring neurobehavioural sequelae following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Apathy, in terms of reduced goal directed activity and lowered motivation, and reduced self-awareness have a negative impact on the rehabilitation process. In this study, 30 patients suffering severe TBI were clinically rated for apathy and monitored for cardiovascular and electrodermal reactivity during baseline, neutral speech and therapeutic interaction. Applying a cut-off score criterion, two thirds of the TBI sample were classified as apathetic. The apathetic patients showed less psychophysiological reactivity from neutral speech to therapeutic interaction, compared to non-apathetic patients. They also reported less perceived emotional discomfort in the therapeutic situation measured with a visual analogue scale. Moreover, reduced self-awareness was associated with low autonomic reactivity. The results suggest that the reduced psychophysiological reactivity in apathetic patients may be a correlate to the lack of emotional responsivity, disengagement, lack of insight and concern about their own situation. Clinically, these results may have implications for psychotherapeutic intervention aimed at improving self-awareness. Recording psychophysiological responses during therapeutic interaction may serve as a method for monitoring emotional involvement during psychotherapy with TBI patients.
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PMID:Emotional activation during therapeutic interaction in traumatic brain injury: effect of apathy, self-awareness and implications for rehabilitation. 1040 41

An HIV-positive Pennsylvania inmate, [name removed], filed a lawsuit claiming that prison physicians were indifferent to his medical needs because they tried to wean him from addictive analgesics. [Name removed]'s suit alleged deliberate indifference to his pain. Prison physicians first prescribed Darvon, and then Percocet, a very powerful painkiller, to lessen [name removed]'s discomfort. However, a new medical director at the State Correction Institution at Mahanoy City determined that Percocet was not warranted, and initiated a gradual reduction in the dosage. [Name removed]'s lawsuit was dismissed by a Pennsylvania Federal judge.
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PMID:Denial of specific medicine is not 'deliberate indifference'. 1136 68

It is well documented that the use of physical restraints on older people has been linked to negative clinical outcomes. However, less is known about the personal perspective of those who have been restrained. This study examines the perceptions of older people who have experienced physical restraints in a rehabilitation ward. A purposive sample was used of 17 male and female patients who were restrained. The patients were interviewed using the Subjective Experience of Being Restrained instrument (Strumpf and Evans, 1988) which is a semi-structured interview schedule. The most commonly used restraint devices included side rails, screw-on tabletops and reclining chairs. The data were analysed using content analysis. The results indicate mixed feelings regarding physical restraints. Patients' impressions of physical restraints included indifference of the devices to their perceived safety value. Overall, a minority of patients (n = 4) had positive feelings about physical restraints as they provided a sense of security to them. However, the negative comments of the patients were more prevalent and their responses were categorized in terms of institutional control, ritualised care, entrapment and discomfort, and possible alternatives.
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PMID:Perceptions of older people who have experienced physical restraint. 1192 85

The present study examines somatoform symptoms, anxiety and depression in connection with traumatic life experiences by comparing participants with and without psychiatric diagnoses. Significant group differences in the quantity of somatoform symptoms and the degrees of anxiety and depression could be found between participants with and without psychiatric diagnoses. Experience of sexual abuse leads to significantly more somatoform symptoms. Experience of repeated physical abuse as an additional factor significantly increased the depression score in all groups. This study reveals that the type of somatic complaint allows a prediction of the kind of traumatic life experience suffered. Physical abuse may be predicted by discomfort in and around the precodium, loss of appetite and stomach discomfort or a churning feeling in the stomach. Sexually abused participants reported significantly more anal pain, bad taste in the mouth or an excessively coated tongue, sexual indifference, and urinary retention. The findings of this study also revealed an association between depression, anxiety and somatoform symptoms and the type of traumatic life experience. The experience of physical and sexual abuse was found to be the most highly discriminative function.
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PMID:Somatoform symptoms, anxiety, and depression in the context of traumatic life experiences by comparing participants with and without psychiatric diagnoses. 1245 22

DEPRESSION IN THE ELDERLY SUBJECT: Depression is diagnosed to a varying extent in the elderly. In subjects with Alzheimer's disease, the most specific signs involve mood disorders, loss of energy, a feeling of hopelessness, and sometimes body discomfort or pain. DEFINITION OF APATHY: Apathy is defined as a loss of motivation, expressed by a loss of interest in activities, lack of productivity, loss of will and initiative, as well as limited affective response to positive or negative elements. TWO DIFFERENT SYNDROMES: The differential diagnosis is difficult, but studies have demonstrated that depression and apathy are two relatively different syndromes, which may be intertwined. Lack of volition and initiative are suggestive of apathy. Neuropsychology, particularly the capacity to divide attention, may be useful. FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES: Apathy and depression both have functional effects which may accelerate institutionalization (altered capacity for initiative, adaptation to the environment). FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND NEUROCHEMICAL CONSEQUENCES: Apathy and to a lesser degree depression, involve prefrontal cortical areas. Involvement of the prefrontal pathways is a common feature of apathy and depression, but the other pathways are affected specifically. Cholinesterase inhibitors and selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors as well as serotoninergic antidepressants have been found to be effective for certain components of apathy.
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PMID:[Depression and apathy in Alzheimer's disease]. 1294 3

Its aim is to identify awareness of the types of non-care (lack of care)/violence that occur at hospital units. The methodology is qualitative and we have interviewed 29 clients. We have established four main categories: lack of attention, disrespect, discomfort, and irresponsibility. The results indicate that the lack of care/violence is a Power Problem related to disrespect, prejudice and/or discrimination due to a person's social/sexual condition. It is characterized by rudeness, impoliteness, arrogance, sexual harassment, contempt, and indifference on the part of healthcare professionals. The lack of care/ violence, as an Asymmetric Problem, is characterized by a behavioral attitude of power and by the lack of a horizontal dialogic communication. Lack of attention, interest and will, and discomfort have been reported. We concluded that the lack of care/violence practices occur in the everyday of the interrelations of the care-taking process between client and health professionals.
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PMID:[Meanings of non-care practices from the point of view of hospital clients]. 1604 25

This study assessed the programmes, resources, and needs of HIV-prevention nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in 75 countries in Africa, Central/Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. Multiple databases and expert recommendations were used to identify one major HIV-prevention NGO in the capital or a large city in each country, and in-depth interviews were conducted with each NGO Director. Most NGOs are carrying out their programmes with minimal funding and few regularly employed personnel. Most are highly dependent on international donors, but reliance on small grants with short funding periods limits programme development capacity. HIV-prevention activities varied by region, with African NGOs most likely to use peer education and community awareness events; Eastern European NGOs most likely to offer needle exchange; Latin American NGOs to have resource centres and offer risk reduction programmes; and Caribbean organizations to use mass education approaches. Across regions, NGOs most often targeted the general public and youth, although specialized at-risk groups were the additional focus of attention in some regions. Limited funding, governmental indifference or opposition, AIDS stigma, and social discomfort discussing sex were often cited as barriers to new HIV-prevention programmes. NGOs are critical service providers. However, their funding, programmes, and resource capacities must be strengthened if NGOs are to realize their full potential in HIV prevention.
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PMID:Programmes, resources, and needs of HIV-prevention nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Africa, Central/Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. 1628 71


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