Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve patients (8 females, 4 males) with panhypopituitarism who had been thoroughly examined psychiatrically in 1957 and 1958 were reexamined in 1974 for psychopathologic alterations in the course of their endocrine disease. Eleven patients had been receiving an adequate hormonal treatment during the intervening years or (four patients) until the time of their death. Seven patients showed a good or excellent result of hormonal therapy, in respect of the psychic symptoms: the endocrine psychosyndrome which had been observed prior to treatment had improved considerably. Signs of organic brain syndrome were judged to be caused by age and not by the endocrinopathy. The factors influencing prognosis of psychic symptoms are: alteration in mental activity, in the sense of apathy and lack of drive, and the extent of social distegration caused by these alterations; the age of the patient at the onset of symptoms and the lapse of time prior to the beginning of adequate therapy; finally the personality structure and the social situation of the patient.
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PMID:[The endocrine psychosyndrome in the long term. I. A cantamnestic reexamination of patients suffering from panhypopituitarism (author's transl)]. 93 95

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a surgically correctable syndrome of progressive dementia, gait abnormalities, and urinary incontinence resulting from an occult hydrocephalus in association with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Occurring most frequently in midlife and often idiopathic in origin, the early course of the illness may be characterized by symptoms of apathy, inattentiveness, agitation, and poverty of thought which mimic a depressive illness and may delay the recognition and treatment of the underlying structural defect. A review of the literature reveals that this association of depressive symptomatology and NPH has received little attention in the psychiatric literature, and the authors describe a case of NPH which presented as a severe, agitated depression. Clinical findings which suggest the presence of NPH are discussed, and the need to include NPH in the differential diagnosis of depression in the presenium is emphasized. The authors believe such diagnostic vigilance is necessary if the needless deterioration of potentially salvageable individuals is to be prevented.
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PMID:Depression and normal pressure hydrocephalus. A dilemma in neuropsychiatric differential diagnosis. 93 10

During EST of schizophrenic (with a prevalent depressive symptomatology) and manic-depressive patients refractory to medicinal therapy, it was possible to find the following conditions. There was a definite advantage in the use of a narcotizing preparation such as epontal with a relaxant listenon compared to a tiopenthal narcosis. This may be due to a short-time narcotic effect of epontal, the absence of postnarcotic symptoms such as expressed apathy, weakness, headaches, which can be observed during 2-3 hours, following tiopenthal narcosis.
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PMID:[A method of carrying out ECT under anesthesia with relaxants]. 93 57

The relationships between obsessional personality, obsessions in depression, and symptoms of depression were investigated by means of a retrospective study of case notes and item sheets. One hundred and sixty-eight cases of depression, aged 20 to 29 years, were rated for obsessional personality as defined by Ingram (1961). The presence of previous obsessions, of obsessions in depression and of eight symptoms of depression was assessed from the item sheets. Obsessional personality was found to be significantly associated only with a decreased frequency of objective apathy, although it seemed to act to reduce the anxiety experienced by those with obsessions, in depression. Obsessions in depression were associated with rapid changes of mood, anxiety, agitation and overactivity and with a relative absence of retardation.
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PMID:The relationships between obsessional personality, obsessions in depression, and symptoms of depression. 93 2

Three different syndromes produced by congeners of morphine have been identified in the nondependent chronic spinal dog. These syndromes have been attributed to interaction of agonists with three distinguishable receptors (mu, kappa and sigma). Morphine is the prototype agonist for the mu receptor, ketocyclazocine for the kappa receptor and SKF-10,047 for the sigma receptor. The morphine syndrome (mu) in the dog is characterized by miosis, bradycardia, hypothermia, a general depression of the nociceptive responses and indifference to environmental stimuli. Ketocyclazocine (kappa) constricts pupils, depresses the flexor reflex and produces sedation but does not markedly alter pulse rate or the skin twitch reflex. SKF-10,047 (sigma), in contrast to morphine and ketocyclazocine, causes mydriasis, tachypnea, tachycardia and mania. The effects of these three drugs can be antagonized by the pure antagonist naltrexone, indicating that they are agonists. Further, chronic administration of morphine, ketocyclazocine and SKF-10,047 induces tolerance to their agonistic effects. Morphine suppresses abstinence in morphine-dependent dogs while ketocyclazocine does not. Ketocyclazocine at best precipitated only a liminal abstinence syndrome in the morphine-dependent dog, indicating that it had little affinity for the morphine receptor. Ketocyclazocine thus appears to be a selective agonist at the kappa receptor. Further, it has been shown that buprenorphine is a partial agonist of the mu type which both suppressed and precipitated abstinence in the morphine-dependent dog while morphine and propoxyphene are stronger agonists. Apomorphine and SKF-10,047 produce similar pharmacologic effects suggesting that sigma activity may involve a dopaminergic mechanism.
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PMID:The effects of morphine- and nalorphine- like drugs in the nondependent and morphine-dependent chronic spinal dog. 94 47

A hundred sera from children, were used to evaluate normal levels of somatomedin activity and pathological levels. The results showed that the level of this activity in the blood, rises gradually during infancy, to reach normal adult reference level by postulate, equal to 1. Although the values are widely dispersed in each sample, the general phenomenon of their increase in infancy remains significant. The patients with somatotropin deficiency, have very low somatomedin values which become normal under the influence of injection of human growth hormone. A very unusual case is that of Laron's dwarfism with very high values of HGH in the plasma, and very low levels of somatomedin and, clinical and laboratory indifference to injections of exogenous HGH. The prospects of progress in the techniques of study of somatomedin will be of great service in the near future.
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PMID:[Activity of blood somatomedin during childhood in normal subjects and in delayed growth]. 97 Jun 94

A systematic study of the emotional behavior of right and left brain-damage patients was conducted on large groups of patients with unilateral cerebral lesions. The incidence of "catastrophic reactions" was found to be significantly higher among the left brain-damaged patients, whereas "indifference reactions" were significantly more frequent in the group with right-sided lesions. The depressive-catastrophic reactions of left brain-damaged patients seemed due chiefly to marked difficulties in verbal expression, while the indifference reactions of the right brain-damaged patients were highly correlated with neglect phenomena for the opposite half of the body and of space. The meaning of the emotional reaction shown by left brain-damaged patients seems easy to understand, if we consider that these subjects are affected by aphasia and by a paresis of the right hand. More surprising and paradoxical is, on the contrary, the emotional behavior of the right brain-damaged patients. The hypothesis is advanced that the indifference of these subjects may be only apparent, and due to a strong need of denying illness. The prevalence of denial of illness among the right brain-damaged patients could be due to the "non verbal" functional organization which is supposed to be characteristic of this half of the brain.
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PMID:[Disorders of the emotional behavior during cerebral lesions]. 98 85

Asepsis and concern for patient safety in the operating room are team responsibilities involving nurses, surgeons, and anesthesiologists. Meaningless rituals now being observed in the OR must be replaced by practices and procedures based on sound principles of aseptic technique. Modern instrumentation and technology, though relieving the surgeon and anesthesiologist of many of the manual tasks which once occupied them, have not solved the problems of infection control in the operating suite. Apathy, carelessness, and indifference may even increase as a by-product of technology, unless curbed by moral, ethical and legal constraints. Asepsis is not a static concept. Operating room policies and procedures need constant review and reexamination. Enforcement of these policies and rules to maintain good aseptic technique requires the cooperation of all who enter the OR suite.
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PMID:Divided responsibilities for operating room asepsis: The dilemma of technology. 101 8

When 2 horses were dosed with cultures of a Fusarium moniliforme isolate that had previously caused only hepatosis, 1 developed brain oedema and hepatosis, and the other only leukoencephalomalacia. A 3rd horse developed both leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis after being dosed with another isolate obtained from maize which was associated with a natural outbreak of the nervous form of the disease. Since leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis could be induced by the same culture material, it was concluded that both syndromes were manifestations of the same toxicosis. There was also some evidence that leukoencephalomalacia might be specifically induced by the administration of smaller doses of the culture material to horses over a longer period. The clinical signs of nervous disorder included ataxia, paresis, apathy, hypersensitivity, frenzy, and other locomotory and psychic disturbances. Autopsy showed that the brains were oedematous, and focal areas of liquefactive necrosis were present in the cerebral white matter. In 1 case the malacic areas were not confined to the subcortical white matter but were microscopically visible in the cerebral cortex as well. An histopathological examination of the areas bordering on the malacic areas revealed rarefication of the white matter, perivascular haemorrhages, oedema and cellular infiltration composed mainly of plasma cells and eosinophiles. Many of the macrophages in these areas contained lipfuscin-like granules, but these granules also occurred extracellularly in the neuropil. In the layers of the cortex nearest the malacic areas, satellitosis and neurophagia were commonly seen.
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PMID:Leukoencephalomalacia: a mycotoxicosis of Equidae caused by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. 101 50

A simple, semiquantitative paper chromatographic method was used to identify samples of cerebrospinal fluid containing elevated concentrations of myo-inositol. All patients whose CSF inositol concentrations were greater than 70 mug/ml (as determined by S. carlsbergensis microbiological assay) showed disturbances of the state of consciousness, reported as stupor, coma or confusion in adults, or apathy and stupor in infants. An elevated level of inositol in cerebrospinal fluid appeared to be a characteristic finding in infants under one year of age. Among other age groups no common etiology was correlated with high inositol concentration.
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PMID:Elevated myo-inositol concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of neonates and of patients with an impaired state of consciousness. 101 79


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