Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the course of multiple episodes of thiamine deficiency in the rhesus monkey, the triad of anorexia, apathy, and hind limb weakness is the earliest clinical manifestation. In later episodes, nystagmus, abducens paresis, midline ataxia, dysmetria, and congestive heart failure are also seen. With the exception of dysmetria, the neurologic signs promptly respond to thiamine administration. Pair-fed controls showed no clinical signs. Neither peripheral neuropathy nor edema was observed. Thiamine-deficiency in the experimental animals was confirmed by blood transketolase assays.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of chronic thiamine deficiency in rhesus monkey. 40 80

The clinical and social effects of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate were compared in the maintenance treatment of a population of chronic schizophrenic out-patients over a period of 9 months. The results failed to show significant difference between the treatments, and in particular, reports suggesting specific advantages for flupenthixol decanoate in alleviating the negative symptoms of apathy, anergia and depression in chronic schizophrenics were not confirmed. It seems that chronic schizophrenic patients who are well established on one depot preparation are unlikely to be benefited by being changed to the alternative.
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PMID:Clinical and social comparison of fluphenazine decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in the community maintenance therapy of schizophrenia. 40 12

This study analyzes the failure of current regulatory efforts to elicit an acceptable level of performance in long-term care facilities and proposes a strategy for correcting that failure. Seven factors are identified as being responsible for the failure of current regulatory efforts: inadequate financing, inadequate knowledge, bureaucratic apathy, legal constraints, political constraints, a fragmentation of agency responsibility, and a shortage of conforming beds. Public utility status, market regulation, and non-profit control are reviewed and rejected as alternatives to the current approach. A new strategy aimed at improving the regulatory process and environment is proposed. The process can be improved by adopting a program rather than taking a functional approach to agency organization; linking the inspection and rate-setting processes; creating a role for consumer groups in the inspection process; and exposing the process and results of regulation to public scrutiny. Five proposals are offered for improving the regulatory environment. These focus on eliminating barriers to entry, supporting alternatives to institutionalization, federalizing the Medicaid program, abandoning exclusive reliance on the medical model as the guide for regulatory standards, and changing the focus of regulation from structure-process to out-come.
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PMID:A new strategy for regulating long-term care facilities. 41 Aug 59

Log-phase cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tween-albumin medium were exposed to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide in concentrations in the range likely to be present in serum during treatment of patients. The bactericidal activity of the drugs was measured as the decrease in viable counts at 4 and 7 days. The activity of single drugs was highest for streptomycin and next highest for rifampin and isoniazid, but ethambutol only started to kill after 4 days. When exposed to 2 drugs, bactericidal synergism was found with streptomycin/isoniazid and isoniazid/ethambutol; additivity, with streptomycin/rifampin; indifference, with isoniazid rifampin and streptomycin/ethambutol; and antagonism, with rifampin/ethambutol and isoniazid/pyrazinamide. When cultures were exposed to the 3 drugs, isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol, marked antagonism was found between isoniazid and rifampin, whereas the addition of isoniazid or an increase in its concentration increased the bactericidal activity.
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PMID:Bactericidal activity of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide alone and in combination against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. 41 4

In an attempt to evaluate the possible relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and mental disease, the blood content of vitamin B12 was investigated in 835 consecutive psychiatric patients. Low serum vitamin B12 values were found in approximately 10% of these patients, due to latent pernicious anaemia in one case, post-gastrectomy in seven cases and small intestinal resection in one case. In the remaining 72 cases vitamin B12 deficiency was probably caused by nutritional insufficiency. After correction of the dietary defect there was a spontaneous increase in serum vitamin B12 in 75% of these patients. No specific psychiatric syndrome was connected with hypovitaminosis B12, but a preponderance of arteriosclerotic dementia suggests that low serum vitamin B12 values are secondary to mental illness leading to apathy and loss of appetite. Most cases will recover without further vitamin B12 supplements. But some patients may need treatment because of severe mental and physical disabilities.
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PMID:Vitamin B12 concentrations in psychiatric patients. 42 34

A rating instrument was developed to assess the personality functioning of problem adolescents who have a brief history of official delinquency. Subjects were 186 residents at a short-term diagnostic detention facility. The instrument that emerged from a factor analysis was tested for reliability, validity, and cross-situational generality. Two major orthogonal factors emerged, Apathy-Withdrawal (I) and Anger-Defiance (II). Each factor was found to be congruent with the corresponding dimension on behavior rating instruments that had previously yielded two orthogonal factors and that had been shown to be relevant to a large number of psychological and educational issues. Significant correlations between the factors and a series of global ratings measuring behavior and measures indicative of the frequency and seriousness of official delinquency provided further evidence of construct and discriminant validity as well as evidence of cross-setting consistency of personality functioning.
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PMID:An adolescent symptom checklist for juvenile deliquents. 43 29

This study suggests that patients receiving daily doses of 40 mg of prednisone or its equivalent, are at greater risk for developing steroid psychosis. Psychotic reactions were twice as likely to occur during the first 5 days of treatment as subsequently. Premorbid personality, history of previous psychiatric disorder, and a history of previous steroid psychosis did not clearly increase the patient's risk of developing psychotic reaction during any given course of therapy. Steroid psychoses present as spectrum psychoses with symptoms ranging from affective through schizophreniform to those of an organic brain syndrome. No characteristic stable presentation was observed in these 14 cases reported here. The most prominent symptom constellation to appear some time during the course of the illness consisted of emotional lability, anxiety, distractibility, pressured speech, sensory flooding, insomnia, depression, perplexity, agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations, intermittent memory impairment, mutism, disturbances of body image, delusions, apathy, and hypomania. Phenothiazines administered in average daily doses of 212 mg produced excellent response in all patients studied. Of particular note was the fact that tricyclic antidepressants produced an exacerbation or worsening of the clinical state in all patients to whom they were administered.
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PMID:Presentation of the steroid psychoses. 43 94

Patterns of psychiatric symptoms of 141 patients at first hospital admission were correlated with social competence, as measured in childhood from school records and in adulthood by the Index of Social Competence, which is based on hospital records. Results confirmed the hypothesis that low social competence is associated with the more disintegrative symptoms of withdrawal, thought disorder, and antisocial acting out, but this conclusion held only when the measure of social competence was based upon adult premorbid behavior. A longitudinal perspective on social competence did not improve upon the symptomatic discrimination based on adult cross-sectional assessment alone, except that a cluster of schizoid symptoms (apathy, flat affect, hallucinations, resentfulness, and verbal hostility) was significantly associated with a longitudinal measure of social competence, though not with either cross-sectional measure by itself. Positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, and other florid processes) appeared not to be part of a longstanding, longitudinal process, but the negative symptoms included in the withdrawal cluster showed some association with childhood behavior.
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PMID:Longitudinal social competence and adult psychiatric symptoms at first hospitalization. 46 43

Automobile accidents are the number one killer of children. Effective devices for protecting infants and older children are now available. Counseling the parents on the proper use of car seats should begin in the prenatal period and should continue during regular checkups. Knowledge of the excuses that parents give for not using these devices can help offset some of the existing apathy. Family physicians are in an ideal position to provide proper preventive health counseling on the use of car restraints for children.
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PMID:Childhood automotive safety. 48 23

Numerous cases of psychogenic death have been cited throughout the world, as well by native peoples, inhabitants of concentration camps and prisoner of war camps. Psychogenic death is a generalized human extreme psychosomatic reaction. It is not specific to any culture or mentality. Psychogenic death refers to death triggered by psychic stimuli. The individual finds himself in a situation where external forces have lead to a restriction of his world and, in addition, is subjectively sensing of the inalterability of his situation. Decisive to the perception of the environment is the subjective emotional view of things which can greatly diverge reality. The physical state of these individuals is marked by total passivity. The psychic condition is characterized by regression, resignation, and apathy. The article described the psychic background and the physical process of a death by psychic phenomena. The case of a 37 year old patient with detailed anamnestic and clinical data is given. His hobby was taking photographs of natural scenery and animals. This had become vital for him, because he did not like his job. The patient suffered from a painful herniation of intervetebral disk. After the operation of the disk he still had backache. He thought that the operation had been unsuccessful. The following day the patient showed the symptoms of the psychogenic death and died within one day. The autopsy, histopathologic, and toxicologic examinations showed no indications to the cause of death.
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PMID:[The psychogenic death of Mr. J. A case report]. 49 38


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