Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypercalcaemia occurs in two forms: mild and severe. In the mild form, usually in young infants the characteristic signs of the severe from (Williams syndrome) are absent, and thus it may cause diagnostic difficulties. Because of that, in infants with muscular hypotonia, growth arrest, constipation and apathy the possibility of idiopathic hypercalcaemia, apart from rickets, should be considered.
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PMID:[A case of idiopathic hypercalcemia (hypersensitivity to vitamin D 3]. 133 82

Twenty children aged 2 months to 18 years were included in a dose-response study of vigabatrin as add-on therapy to preexisting antiepileptic drugs (up to two per patient). All children had severe refractory epilepsy: partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in 19, and myoclonic seizures in one. After a 2-month observation period and a 1-month add-on placebo period, a fixed dose of add-on vigabatrin was given for 2 months: 1, 1.5, or 2 g/day, according to body weight (mean dose, 60 mg/kg/day). Three patients (15%) became seizure free, and nine (45%) showed a 50% to 99% reduction in seizure frequency. In the 17 patients whose seizures were not totally suppressed, vigabatrin dose was increased for a further 2 months, and in 7 patients who still showed less than 50% reduction in seizure frequency, vigabatrin dose was increased again. Efficacy appeared unchanged by these higher doses. During a 9-month follow-up phase, no tolerance to the effects of vigabatrin was observed, with three children seizure free and 13 (65%) reporting a 50% to 99% reduction in seizure frequency. During the study, adverse effects were recorded in three children (15%), namely drowsiness, constipation, fatigue, and apathy. These effects were generally transient, being observed during the dose-modification phase and disappearing either spontaneously or on reduction of vigabatrin dose. Clinical and laboratory tolerability to vigabatrin appeared to be very good, with no patients having withdrawn from the study because of side effects. A slight reduction in red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels was noted but was of doubtful clinical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dose-response study of vigabatrin in children with refractory epilepsy. 194 Jan 24

Many differences in thyroid function exist between elderly and younger populations. Although serum T4 levels probably do not change with age, serum T3 levels appear to decline. Hyperthyroidism in the geriatric population may be atypical and is characterized by anorexia and constipation. The pulse rate is often slower than in younger patients. Apathetic hyperthyroidism mainly occurs in older patients. The cause of hyperthyroidism is usually toxic multinodular goiter. Isolated T3 or T4 elevations may be seen. RAIU is often normal. Hypothyroidism is common in the elderly. TSH is a reliable indicator, but the significance of mild elevations (less than 20 microU/ml) is unclear. Serum antithyroid antibodies are unreliable in the definitive diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Acute and chronic illnesses occur frequently in older patients and have varied and important effects on thyroid function tests. Low T3 and both low T4 and low T3 are seen. High T4 syndrome may be more common in older patients than in younger patients. It is also seen in psychiatric populations. TSH levels are usually normal but may be mildly elevated.
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PMID:Thyroid function in the elderly. 327 88

The elderly not only have lower body stores of potassium, but also tend to eat a diet relatively low in potassium content. Loss of muscle strength, constipation and mental apathy are all features of potassium deficiency. In addition, serious arrhythmias have been attributed to hypokalaemia and must therefore be prevented. While potassium supplements may replete body potassium stores, they often require large amounts and may still be ineffective in preventing diuretic-induced hypokalaemia. Thus, several guidelines for the rational and safe use of diuretics in the elderly have been proposed including in addition to potassium supplementation, the determination of dietary and total body potassium sources, dosage of the diuretic and intensity of the diuresis, and the relationship between potassium and calcium and magnesium.
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PMID:Guidelines for rational diuretic use in the elderly. 373 96

A case of moderately severe botulism was diagnosed in a 4 weeks old white female. Clostridium botulinum toxin was identified repeatedly in the infant's faeces by means of the mouse protection assay. Clostridium botulinum was isolated in pure culture from faecal material. Both the organism and the toxin were type B. The onset of illness was characterized by mild constipation, apathy, weak sucking and difficulty with swallowing. Incipient, probably aspiration, pneumonia was diagnosed at the same time. Further signs of botulism developed during hospitalization, viz. loss of head control, pooled oral secretion, weak cry, mild ptosis, reduced facial expression, generalized muscular weakness and reduced spontaneous activity. A nasogastric feeding tube was needed because the ability to suck and swallow was impaired. Immediately on admission of the infant to hospital emergency treatment was started with ampicillin, which was followed by penicillin injections. The infant recovered in 60 days. Subsequent medical examinations demonstrated that the recovery was complete and the development normal. The case represents the first instance of infant botulism detected on the European Continent.
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PMID:Infant botulism type B in central Europe. 703 93

The author studied the medical records of 133 patients who underwent surgery for adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum in the Metropolitan Hospital Complex Arnulfo Arias Madrid from June 1972 to July 1992. In 9 (6.7%) the tumor was staged as Dukes A, in 49 (36.8%) as Dukes B; in 60 (43.1%) as Dukes C and in 10 (16.7%) as Dukes D. The anatomical location of the tumor was the cecum in 9 (6.7%), the ascending colon in 3 (2.3%), the sigmoid colon in 44 (33%) and the rectum in 41 (31.6%). Of the rectal carcinomas 24 (58.5%) were in the inferior one third, 10 (24.3) were in the middle and 7 (17%) in the superior third. It is evident that nearly two thirds of the tumors were within reach of the digital rectal examination of the sigmoidoscopic examination. The parents ranged from 21 to 89 years of age and their median age was 63 years. 73 patients were women and 60 were men. 60.5% of the women and 39.5% of the men had carcinoma of the colon. The sexual prevalence of carcinoma of the rectum was different: 5% were in men and 43% were in women. 2.2% of the tumors were synchronous and 4% were metachronous. The author discusses the number, type and indications for the surgical procedures used. There were no perioperative deaths. The 5 year survival for adenocarcinomas of the colon was 100% for those patients with tumors staged as Dukes A, 78.5% for the Dukes B, 61.1% for the Dukes C and 0% for those staged as Dukes D. For the rectal adenocarcinomas the 5 year survival was 100% for those patients with tumors in Stage Dukes A, 57.1%, for those in Dukes B, 33.3 for those in Dukes C and 0% in those in Dukes D. These results indicate that these patients are seen in an advanced stage and point to the urgent need to make the diagnosis in early, curable stages. The low incidence of tumors in stage Dukes A indicates an indifference of the patients and/or the doctors to the symptoms and signs of this disease. The most frequent symptoms, in descending order were: bleeding on defecation (all types), change in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation), abdominal pains, tenesmus and anemia (with its different clinical manifestations). Other symptoms were a palapable abdominal mass, feces with bloody mucus and rectal prolapse on defecation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Colorectal cancer. A study of 133 surgical cases]. 847 34

A 72-year-old man was referred for geriatric evaluation with a view toward placement in institutional care. He presented originally to an internal medicine team with a six-month history of weight loss, constipation, generalized weakness, and apathy; investigations to rule out an underlying neoplasm were negative. Interdisciplinary assessment revealed coexisting dementia, myopathy, and oropharyngeal dysphagia. These findings prompted further diagnostic evaluation and a diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy with associated oropharyngeal dysphagia and dementia was made. The dementia, myopathy, and oropharyngeal dysphagia responded to steroids and rehabilitation and the patient regained his independence.
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PMID:Dementia with oropharyngeal dysphagia and myopathy. 1145 67

There are reports of a hitherto unknown bovine disease in Germany. The symptoms are, in general, indigestion (constipation alternating with diarrhoea), non-infectious chronic laminitis, engorged veins, oedemas, retracted abdomen, emaciation and apathy. Most cases occur during the peripartal period and often result in unexpected death. In addition, there are findings of delayed growth and wasting in heifers, as well as decreasing milk yield. Clinical and standard laboratory examinations leave the origin undisclosed. Bioassays for Clostridium botulinum, its spores and toxins in animals of affected farms revealed the presence of free botulinum toxin in the contents of the lower sections of the intestine. In two control farms without signs of the disease, the tests remained negative. This seems to support our hypothesis that long-lasting absorption of low quantities of botulinum toxin may interfere with the neurological control of intestinal physiology. The authors propose to name this disease complex 'visceral botulism'.
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PMID:Visceral botulism--a new form of bovine Clostridium botulinum toxication. 1155 95

Two previously healthy infants, a boy of 10 weeks and a girl of 4 months presented with apathy and muscle weakness. A third previously healthy child, a girl of 6 weeks old was admitted with respiratory insufficiency. None of the three had had a bowel movement for a number of days. After extensive investigations which revealed few abnormalities Clostridium botulinum toxin was obtained in serum from all three children. Type-B-toxin was shown in the faeces of the older girl and boy; both recovered quickly. The other girl had type-A toxin; she died. Two of the three children were given honey to comfort them. Infantile botulism must be considered in every infant with symptoms of constipation and hypotonia. The diagnosis can quickly be confirmed by electromyography with repetitive 50-Hz-stimulation. Honey is a well-known source of the C. botulinum spore and should not be given to children under the age of 12 months. These three children are the first cases to be described in the Netherlands.
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PMID:[Three infants with constipation and muscular weakness: infantile botulism]. 1585 Feb 74

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disease that usually affects the motor system but is also associated with a non-motor symptom (NMS) complex that ranges from dribbling saliva, constipation, depression, sleep disorders, apathy, hallucinations, and dementia. These features contribute significantly to morbidity and institutionalization, more than quadrupling the cost of care. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that NMS such as constipation, olfaction, rapid eye movement behavior disorder, fatigue, and depression may be markers of a preclinical stage of PD. PD-NMS are not well recognized in clinical practice and part of the reason is the lack of any instrument that aims to assess the complex range of NMS of PD in a unified and integrated manner. Recently, an international, multidisciplinary PD-NMS group has developed an integrated questionnaire and scale to assess NMS of PD in a comprehensive manner. This will help improve care and treatment of PD in the future.
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PMID:The non-motor symptom complex of Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive assessment is essential. 1598 11


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