Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyperthyroidism in the elderly frequently presents with atypical symptoms such as apathy, anorexia, diarrhea, atrial fibrillation, and (or) cardiac decompensation. The diagnosis may therefore be delayed or missed, as illustrated by three cases. Laboratory thyroid evaluation is justified by a wide variety of indications in elderly persons who seek medical advice or care.
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PMID:Recognizing hyperthyroidism in the elderly. 381 23

After treatment with valproic acid a 19-year-old female patient with Friedreich's ataxia and generalised epilepsy died following acute hepatic failure with massive lactacidosis. The clinical symptoms were characterised by hyperventilation, increasing loss of consciousness and shock, leading to treatment-resistant hepatic coma. Morbid anatomy showed extensive confluent lytic necroses of liver acini with accentuation of centrolobular and intermediary structures as well as small and medium-sized fatty degeneration increasing from the periphery towards the centre. The disease picture is quite characteristic for being caused by valproic acid. As a safety measure liver function tests should be done should prodromal symptoms such as anorexia, weakness and apathy arise. If necessary the dosage has to be reduced or medication stopped. Serum valproic acid levels should remain in the lower half of the therapeutic range.
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PMID:[Acute liver necrosis caused by valproate]. 392 31

Episodes of depression and acute psychosis in two patients receiving propranolol hydrochloride are described, and the literature on propranolol-induced depression and psychosis is reviewed. A 42-year-old woman developed severe depression, marked apathy, social withdrawal, and anorexia after taking propranolol hydrochloride (80 mg/day) for three months to control her hypertension. Five days after the dose was reduced to 40 mg/day, there was a major improvement in her depressive symptoms, with a complete resolution in eight days. Upon rechallenge with 80 mg/day of propranolol, she again experienced depressive symptoms. Atenolol 50 mg/day was substituted for the propranolol therapy, and she exhibited a complete remission of her depression. The second patient was a 63-year-old man who had been taking propranolol hydrochloride 160 mg/day for three months without incident. Because of an increased frequency of anginal attacks, the dosage was increased to 240 mg/day. Within two days, he demonstrated such agitation, excitement, and combativeness that he had to be controlled with a 25-mg dose of methotrimeprazine. When the propranolol dose was reduced to 160 mg/day, his psychotic symptoms rapidly cleared. However, when the dose was subsequently increased to 200 mg/day, he again showed increased agitation. After substituting atenolol 100 mg/day for propranolol, the patient's mental status returned to normal. Both of these patients experienced symptoms that were temporarily associated with propranolol. Both patients were subsequently controlled without symptoms with atenolol therapy. Propranolol is a highly lipophilic beta blocker that achieves high concentrations in the brain. When continued beta-blocking therapy is necessary or beta blockade is indicated, a weakly lipophilic agent such as atenolol is indicated.
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PMID:Propranolol-induced depression and psychosis. 398 22

Field outbreaks of a syndrome of unknown aetiology associated with the grazing of green oats (Avena sativa) in the south-western Cape Province were characterized by diarrhoea, photosensitivity and death in goats and by diarrhoea and a reduction in milk production in cows. A phytopathogenic fungus, Drechslera campanulata, was isolated from conspicuous reddish-brown leaf spots on oat plants collected from both outbreaks. Pure cultures on autoclaved maize of D. campanulata isolates from oat leaves implicated in both field outbreaks, as well as a Canadian isolate, proved to be highly toxic to ducklings, goats and sheep. Characteristic clinical signs of the fatal mycotoxicosis caused by D. campanulata culture material in goats and sheep were anorexia, apathy, diarrhoea and ruminal stasis. Photosensitivity, however, was not induced. Necrosis of the forestomach mucosa was the most characteristic gross pathological change. Histopathological findings included mild focal erosions to severe, diffuse, coagulative necrosis of the mucosa in the rumen, reticulum and omasum and congestion and haemorrhages in the abomasum. These results provide circumstantial evidence that green oat leaves infected by D. campanulata may cause outbreaks of a mycotoxicosis in grazing animals.
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PMID:An experimental mycotoxicosis in sheep and goats caused by Drechslera campanulata, a fungal pathogen of green oats. 404 22

The classical symptoms of malabsorption syndrome are diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. Tetany, ecchymosis, anorexia, bone pain, pallor, muscle wasting, hyperpigmentation, apathy, digital clubbing, abdominal distention which contrasts in view of the reduced common statement are other signs of malabsorption. Long before the onset of these symptoms there may be a disinterest in regular daily activities often associated with the passage of three soft stools per day and with the remarkable sign of difficulties in flushing bulky stools. Anamnesia, clinical examination in connection with common laboratory findings, small intestinal x-rays and endoscopic investigations associated with biopsies of the small (and large) bowel as well as estimation of stool fat excretion, xylose- and Schilling-test allow the diagnosis in most of the cases.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of malabsorption]. 684 29

Three young dogs with a history of apathy, anorexia and weight loss were presented with severe ascites. Abnormal laboratory findings include hypoalbuminaemia and increased activities of alkaline phosphatase, serum aspartate amino-transferase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Ammonia tolerance was also abnormal. At autopsy ascites and peripheral portosystemic collaterals were found. The livers were abnormally small and firm and their surfaces were irregular. Histologically, there was marked periportal fibrosis, increased numbers of bile ductules and arteriolae in the portal areas and an absence of normal portal vein tributaries. No inflammatory changes were found. These lesions are discussed in relation to the various causes of hepatic fibrosis.
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PMID:Hepatoportal fibrosis in three young dogs. 711 76

The clinical syndromes described with lesions of the hypothalamus are summarized in Table 9.5-9.7. The anterior hypothalamic syndrome consists of insomnia and loss of thirst regulatory mechanisms. In occasional larger lesions which interrupt the output from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, diabetes insipidus has been noticed. In the tuberal region of the hypothalamus the most prominent findings are those that are caused by the disruption of the final common pathway to the pituitary. This results in endocrinopathy, most often the syndrome originally reported by Frohlich, with failure of sexual maturation and obesity. In the tuberal region, differences between lesions of the medial and lateral portions are quite marked. Medial lesions result in obesity while bilateral lesions result in anorexia and emaciation. The diencephalic syndrome of infancy with it's severe emaciation in young years and obesity in later years clearly indicates a different organizational pattern in the neonatal hypothalamus. Emotional disorders may be seen with lesions either in the medial or lateral hypothalamus at the tuberal level. Finally, in the posterior hypothalamic region, which includes the greatest effector apparatus, hypersomnia, apathy, and poikilothermia have been reported. Emotional disturbances and the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome also seemed to be associated with lesions in this area. The hypothalamus remains the single most important integrator of vegetative and endocrinologic regulation of the body. Cushing said of the hypothalamus, "here in this hidden spot, almost to be covered with a thumb nail, lies the very main spring of primitive existence: vegetative, emotional and reproductive".
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PMID:Surgical syndromes of the hypothalamus. 727 50

Outbreaks of narasin poisoning in rabbits from several commercial rabbit-raising farms in the state of Parana, Brazil, are reported. Approximately 5,000/35,000 rabbits died after having consumed a pelleted ration to which poultry ration premix had been added. Clinical signs included apathy, anorexia, muscle weakness, impaired walking, diarrhea, respiratory distress, and opistothonus. Gross findings were not remarkable, but varying degrees of degeneration, necrosis and regeneration of skeletal muscles were consistent histopathological features in affected rabbits. Myocardial changes were mild or absent. Thirty ppm of narasin were detected in the ration fed the rabbits. The disease was experimentally reproduced by feeding the suspected ration and by administering narasin po to rabbits.
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PMID:Ionophore antibiotic (narasin) poisoning in rabbits. 783 70

In this case report we describe the clinical picture and treatment of a Bernese mountain dog with discospondylitis and a presumably reactive immune-mediated polyarthritis. The clinical signs consisted of apathy, fever, anorexia, and a stiff gait. The diagnosis was based on the typical radiographic signs of discospondylitis and the cytology of the synovial fluid. The dog was treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic for 6 weeks and thereafter with a synthetic glucocorticoid for the polyarthritis. Five months after cessation of therapy, the dog was free from the initial signs.
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PMID:[Discospondylitis and immune-mediated polyarthritis in a Bernese mountain-dog]. 784 74

Between 1989 and 1992, 22 Bernese mountain dogs (18 females and four males) aged between two and seven years, which had been suffering for some weeks from weight loss, anorexia, apathy, vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria, were examined. All of them had high blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations, and many had hyperphosphataemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypoproteinaemia and nonregenerative anaemia. All the dogs had very high protein: creatinine ratios in the urine, and macroproteinuria was identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis. The immunofluorescent titres against Borrelia burgdorferi, measured in 19 of the dogs, ranged between 256 and 32,768. In all cases, membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis with concomitant interstitial nephritis was diagnosed. From an analysis of the dogs' pedigree it was concluded that the glomerulonephritis of these Bernese mountain dogs was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and that its expression was influenced by a second gene locus with a sex-linked dominance exchange.
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PMID:A new familial glomerulonephropathy in Bernese mountain dogs. 803 71


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