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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic renal failure as consequence of renal dysplasia was diagnosed in three young adult Dutch kooiker dogs (Dutch decoy dogs). Two animals were anorectic from an early age and were thinner than healthy dogs of the same breed. All three were presented because of apathy and weakness. Laboratory examination revealed anaemia and uraemia. One dog was presented with severe dehydration and died during emergency treatment. One dog was euthanatised because of a poor prognosis, and one was given a low-protein diet. This dog survived for 7 months after the diagnosis of chronic renal failure. At necropsy all three animals had shrunken, pale, and firm kidneys that showed microscopical lesions characteristic of canine renal dysplasia, such as asynchronous differentiation of nephrons, persistent immature mesenchyme, persistent metanephric ducts, and adenomatoid proliferation of the tubular epithelium. Secondary degenerative and inflammatory changes consisted of interstitial fibrosis and predominantly lymphocytic/plasmacytic inflammation. This is the first report of renal dysplasia in the Dutch kooiker dog. The disease should be included in the differential diagnosis in young Dutch kooiker dogs with signs of chronic renal failure. The presentation of three cases of this rare disease in this breed, which is based on a rather small gene pool, suggests that it is a familial or hereditary nephropathy.
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PMID:Renal dysplasia in three young adult Dutch kooiker dogs. 981 Jun 31

A central aspect of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome is the dysregulation of affect that occurs when lesions involve the 'limbic cerebellum' (vermis and fastigial nucleus). In this case series we describe neuropsychiatric disturbances in adults and children with congenital lesions including cerebellar agenesis, dysplasia, and hypoplasia, and acquired conditions including cerebellar stroke, tumor, cerebellitis, trauma, and neurodegenerative disorders. The behaviors that we witnessed and that were described by patients and families included distractibility and hyperactivity, impulsiveness, disinhibition, anxiety, ritualistic and stereotypical behaviors, illogical thought and lack of empathy, as well as aggression and irritability. Ruminative and obsessive behaviors, dysphoria and depression, tactile defensiveness and sensory overload, apathy, childlike behavior, and inability to appreciate social boundaries and assign ulterior motives were also evident. We grouped these disparate neurobehavioral profiles into five major domains, characterized broadly as disorders of attentional control, emotional control, and social skill set as well as autism spectrum disorders, and psychosis spectrum disorders. Drawing on our dysmetria of thought hypothesis, we conceptualized the symptom complexes within each putative domain as reflecting either exaggeration (overshoot, hypermetria) or diminution (hypotonia, or hypometria) of responses to the internal or external environment. Some patients fluctuated between these two states. We consider the implications of these neurobehavioral observations for the care of patients with ataxia, discuss the broader role of the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of these neuropsychiatric symptoms, and revisit the possibility of using cerebellar stimulation to treat psychiatric disorders by enhancing cerebellar modulation of cognition and emotion.
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PMID:The neuropsychiatry of the cerebellum - insights from the clinic. 1778 22