Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085632 (apathy)
 4,089 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Compared to leukemia, malignant lymphoma and other hematogenous tumors, multiple myeloma rarely metastasizes to the central nervous system. Intracerebral metastasis without involvement of the cranium itself is rarer. We report a case of Ig-G k-type multiple myeloma with metastasis to the left frontal lobe extending to the right basal ganglia without involvement of the cranium. A 71-year-old male complained of exertional dyspnea and lumbago. His laboratory data revealed hyperproteinemia and an abnormal increase in Ig-G (6117mg/dl) in his serum. Serum protein immunoelectrophoresis revealed an IgG k-type band, and Bence-Jones protein was detected in his urine. MMPP, VMCP, VIPP and MP chemotherapy was given, and serum IgG level decreased to a normal range. 21 months after his first admission, incontinence, disorientation, gait disturbance and apathy developed. CT-scan showed an isodense lesion with massive edema in the left frontal lobe and right basal ganglia. On MRI, a Gd-DTPA enhancing lesion was detected extending from the left frontal to the opposite frontal lobe through the splenium. No abnormal skull punched out lesions were noted. Left frontal lobectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed plasmablastic myeloma cells with clear nucleole and eccentric nucleus in the cerebrum. He was diagnosed as having intracerebral metastasis of multiple myeloma without involvement of the cranium. Unfortunately, he died of pancytopenia and pneumonia. Our case suggests the possibility of metastasis via blood into the cerebrum.
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PMID:[A case of multiple myeloma with intracerebral metastasis]. 140 49

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is common in patients with advanced disease due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Symptoms range from lethargy and apathy to coma, incoordination and ataxia to hemiparesis, loss of memory to severe dementia, and focal to major motor seizures. Involvement may be closely associated with HIV infection per se, as in the AIDS dementia complex, but is frequently caused by opportunistic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptococcus neoformans or malignancies such as primary lymphoma of the CNS. The clinical presentations of attendant and direct CNS involvement are remarkably non-specific and overlapping, yet a correct diagnosis is critical to successful intervention. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is one of the most common and most treatable causes of AIDS-associated pathology of the CNS. A great deal has been learned in the last 10 years about its unique presentation in the HIV-infected patient with advanced disease. Drs. Benjamin J. Luft of the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Jack S. Remington of the Stanford University School of Medicine and Palo Alto Medical Foundation's Research Institute have studied T. gondii for many years and are two of the leading experts in the field. This commentary comprises an update of their initial review (J Infect Dis 1988;157:1-6) and a presentation of the current approaches to diagnosing and managing toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. 152 Jul 57

This article describes an eleven year old mare with apathy, fever, enlarged mandibular lymph nodes, skin lesions on the upper lip and edematous, grey-red mucous membranes in the nose, mouth and vulva. Histopathology revealed infiltrates with atypical lymphocytes forming Pautrier's microabscesses. The neoplastic cells had large, often indented nuclei. Immunohistology showed that some cells were CD3-positive (Pan T-cell-marker). The diagnosis of cutaneous epitheliotropic malignant lymphoma (Mycosis fungoides) was made. The etiology in the horse is unknown.
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PMID:[A case of cutaneous epitheliotropic malignant lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) in a horse]. 915 40

Polycythemia--characterized by an excessive number of erythrocytes--is a rare disease in the dog with a chronic progressive course and unspecific symptoms. There are several forms: a primary, a secondary adequate or a secondary inadequate polycythemia. The clinical workup is done step by step and after stabilization of critical patients, the remaining therapy must address the primary cause. We report on a five year old male Leonberger dog suffering from secondary, inadequate polycythemia. He was presented with apathy, gait disturbances and disorientation. On the basis of the diagnostic workup a pathological process in the kidneys was postulated. Initially focal seizures became generalized later, most probably because of formation of a forebrain thrombus with secondary hypoxia. Even after emergency treatment the general state deteriorated. The course indicated possible sepsis. Because of the critical picture with secondary complications and the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanised. The histopathological results showed T-cell renal lymphoma and secondary injury to the forebrain.
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PMID:[Convulsions in relation to polycythemia: literature review and case description]. 952 46

Limbic encephalitis is a syndrome characterised by irritability, depression, sleeping disturbance, convulsion, hallucination and short-period memory loss that is commonly associated with a malignancy even if there is no evidence of it by the time of presentation. Most reported cases of limbic encephalitis as a paraneoplastic syndrome are associated with small-cell lung cancer and lymphoma. This article is a case report of a patient with limbic encephalitis associated with an oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The patient is a middle-aged man who presented apathy and unstable mood. After months, developed diplopia, reduced visual acuity and involuntary movements. Later, gait disability, disorientation, memory loss and aggressive behaviour were detected, associated with seizures. After investigation, limbic encephalitis was diagnosed and, as the patient developed dysphagia, oesophageal adenocarcinoma was detected. Oesophageal carcinoma usually does not have neurological symptoms associated.
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PMID:Limbic encephalitis as the presenting symptom of oesophageal adenocarcinoma: another cancer to search? 2359 72

Tumors are infrequently reported in skunks, with only a few case reports published in the literature. Chylothorax associated with mediastinal lymphoma was diagnosed in a captive 7-yr-old male striped skunk ( Mephitis mephitis ). The animal presented with anorexia and apathy. Supportive care and prednisolone improved the animal's clinical status for 2 wk preceding its death. Histopathology supported the clinical findings, and the tumor was classified as a mediastinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, stage 2b, which has not been documented in the literature.
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PMID:MEDIASTINAL LYMPHOMA AND CHYLOTHORAX IN A STRIPED SKUNK (MEPHITIS MEPHITIS). 2874 84