Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is increasingly recognized in the pediatric population. It is characterized by a combination of partial upper airway obstruction and intermittent obstructive apnea that disrupts normal ventilation and sleep. It is estimated to occur in 1-3% of children with a peak age of 2 to 5 years. Common symptoms include habitual snoring, difficulty breathing during sleep, restlessness, and witnessed apnea. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common associated condition in otherwise normal children, but cranialfacial abnormalities, neuromuscular diseases, and obesity are also predisposing factors. Severe OSAS can have serious neurobehavioral and cardiorespiratory consequences including excessive daytime sleepiness, growth failure, school failure, behavioral problems, cor pulmonale, or even death. Diagnosis is based on data from the history, physical exam, and laboratory studies that confirm the presence and severity of the upper airway obstruction. Polysomnography has been the diagnostic tool of choice. Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and the underlying anatomic and physiologic abnormalities. Since childhood OSAS is usually associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, the majority of cases are amenable to surgical treatment. However, there is increasing pediatric experience with CPAP therapy when tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are either unsuccessful or inappropriate.
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PMID:Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children: diagnostic challenges. 908 30

This is the case report of a 32-year-old obese male with a history of agitation, hallucinations, and delirium, recently diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism; he gave a several month history of fatigue with nocturnal snoring and frequent awakening. Polysomnogram revealed severe OSA; initiation of CPAP and levothyroxine resulted in immediate improvement. The lack of a previous psychiatric history and acuteness of presentation was consistent with hypothyroid psychosis complicated by sleep deprivation cause by untreated OSA. Primary hypothyroidism is a common disorder often associated with depression. It is rarely associated with psychosis and was first described as "myxoedematous madness" in 1949. It has not been previously reported to cause psychosis when associated with obstructive sleep apnea. This case illustrates the need for examination of potential multiple organic causes in a patient who presents with psychosis in the critical care setting.
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PMID:"Myxedema madness" associated with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism and obstructive sleep apnea. 2324 7