Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An improved rat anterior pituitary primary cell culture technique for studying GH-releasing activity of human pancreatic GH-releasing factor (hpGRF) and its analogs is described. Male pituitaries, dispersed by a combination of trypsin digestion and mechanical agitation, were plated at a density of 200,000 cells per well and cultured for 4 days. The attached cells were then stimulated with synthetic hpGRF which was comprised of the first 29 residues of the larger, originally isolated forms and which was amidated at the C-terminal (hpGRF-29). Analogs of hpGRF-29 which were modified in positions 1, 2, 3, or 7, and other secretagogues were similarly tested. Medium was collected after 3 h, and secreted hormone was measured by RIA. The cells were extremely sensitive to hpGRF-29 stimulation, and this effect was specific. The minimal effective dose of hpGRF-29 was an unprecedented 0.4 X 10(-15)M. No stimulation of LH, FSH, or PRL by hpGRF-29 was observed. Bombesin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were ineffective in stimulating GH release. [D-Trp6]LHRH (a potent LHRH agonist), also did not release GH but did stimulate secretion of LH and FSH at doses ranging from 0.4 X 10(-10)M to 1.0 X 10(-9)M. Responses of the cells to hpGRF-29 analogs were characterized by distinct heterologous dose-response curves. [D-Ala2]hpGRF-29 was 50 times more active than its parent 29-amino-acid peptide. [D-Thr7]hpGRF-29, another analog that differed from hpGRF-29 by the insertion of a D-isomer for the naturally occurring L-residue, was about 10,000 times less effective in stimulating GH secretion than was hpGRF-29 itself. Potencies of these and other analogs with respect to GH release in vitro were similar to those estimated in vivo. Thus, this primary cell culture provides an extremely sensitive, selective, and reproducible system for studying hpGRF structure-activity relationships. Further, such tremendous sensitivity to hpGRF can provide a system to study changes in pituitary sensitivity to hpGRF during different physiological states.
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PMID:An extremely sensitive in vitro model for elucidating structure-activity relationships of growth hormone-releasing factor analogs. 285 74

Dispersed sheep adenohypophysial cells were used to study the effects of GnRH and ionic environment on LH, FSH and PRL release. The cells were used immediately after they were dissociated from the glands by a combination of gentle mechanical agitation and enzymatic digestion. GnRH caused a log-dose related release of LH and FSH with minimal and maximal effective doses of 10 pg ml-1 and 100 pg ml-1, respectively. Elevated level of K+ stimulated LH, FSH and PRL release. Maximal response was observed with the doses of 30--60 mmol l-1 K+ for LH and FSH, while a dose of 120 mmol l-1 was required for PRL release. The removal of Ca2+ by the addition of EDTA did not affect basal LH and FSH release but resulted in an increase of PRL release. It also abolished the release of LH and FSH induced by GnRH or by a high level of K+ but did not prevent a small and significant additive effect of K+ and GnRH. The release of PRL induced by a high level of K+ was inhibited by Ca2+ removal, but was not completely prevented at the highest K+ concentration used. The results demonstrated that the cells retained their responsiveness to secretagogues for LH, FSH and PRL immediately after dispersion.
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PMID:Effects of GnRH and ionic environment on the secretion of LH, FSH and prolactin by dispersed sheep pituitary cells. 678 Mar 6

26 women presenting with internal and external endometriosis and 27 women with chronic cystic mastopathy and mastodyny received 400 mg danazol-a 17-ethinyltestosterone derivate-daily for 3 to 6 months. Before, during and after completion of treatment clinical and endocrinological investigation as well haematological examinations and determinations of blood and urinary chemistry were carried out. In cases of mastopathy plate thermography and mammography were performed; in endometriosis the diagnosis was verified by laparoscopy or-tomy. An improvement in, or disappearance of dysmenorrhoea and pelvic pain was observed in the endometriosis group. At laparoscopy or -tomy a decrease in, but not a complete disappearance of endometriotic foci was seen. A most favourable effect of danazol was seen in mastodyny. A change in plate thermographic or mammographic findings was observed on only a few patients. A significant fall in 17 beta-oestradiol after one month and a slight decrease in basal LH levels (statistical trend) were observed. FSH and HPRL levels were not significantly affected. Ovulation was mostly suppressed, but serum progesterone values were found several times to be in the range characteristic of severe luteal insufficiency (100 to 1500 pg/ml). Hence, not only amenorrhoea, but also breakthrough bleeding occurred. The observed side affects can be ascribed to anabolic (weight gain), androgenic (acne, hirsutism) and hypoestronic (atrophic vaginitis, hot flushes, restlessness) symptomatology.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with danazol treatment of endometriosis and mastopathy]. 679 63

Thyrotropin (TSH-)producing adenomas of the anterior pituitary gland are the least frequently encountered ones and constitute a very rare cause of hyperthyroidism. The case is presented of a 58 year old male patient with a well-known history of hyperthyroidism over a period of at least 9 years growing goiter. Despite different forms of medical treatment he presented a constant clinical pattern consisting of restlessness and paroxysmal tachycardial atrial fibrillation. Laboratory findings revealed elevated levels of circulating thyroid hormones despite inadequately high levels of TSH. MRI scan revealed an adenoma of the pituitary measuring 9 mm in diameter. After microsurgery, consisting of transphenoidal resection of the tumor, the patient recorded no clinical symptoms. Histological examination revealed positive immunohistochemical staining, with antibodies to TSH, but a negative reaction against the GH, PRL, FSH, LH and ACTH hormone antibodies. Moreover, the levels of circulating hormones (GH, PRL, FSH, LH and ACTH) were normal. TSH-alpha subunits were not elevated. Before the correct diagnosis was reached, this patient was treated for nine years with antithyroid drugs. Five months after the operation the patient showed normal values of circulating thyroid hormones and TSH and thus no thyroid-specific medication was necessary.
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PMID:[Hyperthyroidism caused by TSH producing hypophyseal adenoma]. 922 5