Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 70 patients (maxillo-facial-, neurosurgical-, abdominal- and gynaecological operations) the technique of "analgetic anaesthesia" using high doses of fentanyl (0.025 mg/kg body weight) and naloxone as its antagonist (0.02 mg/kg body weight) has been employed. All patients were artificially ventilated with N2O/O2 in a 3:1 ratio. Muscle relaxation was achieved with pancuronium-bromide (0.08 mg/kg). The patients had no apparent heart or lung disease. The youngest patient was 4 years of age, the oldest 82 years of age (average age 48.9). The necessity for a reinjection of fentanyl (half the initial dose) was determined by continously monitoring heart rate. This variable appeared to be the most subtle index indicating a reduction in analgesia. Sufficient analgesia was maintained once the heart rate stayed 20% below preanaesthetic levels. At the end of the operation naloxone reversed the respiratory depression. There was no evidence indicating postoperative pain, which may have required administration of additional analgesics. If deep analgesia was maintained up to the last surgical procedures no emesis appeared in the post operative period. The incidence of emesis was higher 10% compared to the classical neuroleptanalgesia with droperidol this was often noted in cases where blood accumulated in the stomach (maxillo-facial operations) (70%). In 3% of all cases psychomotor agitation with delirium appeared right after the injection of naloxone. This lasted for about 15 minutes. We suspect that due to the sudden and powerful effect of naxolone, in replacing fentanyl from its receptor site, acute withdrawal symptoms may be precipitated.
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PMID:[High doses of fentanyl as the sole anaesthetic agent and naloxone as its antagonist (author's transl)]. 113 60

The effects of agitation and temperature changes on turkey sperm viability were estimated before and after 24 h storage at 7 C using the ethidium bromide (EB) procedure and a sperm stress test. The stress test is identical to the EB procedure except the buffer is hypotonic. Labile sperm lyse and are then stained with the EB. Treatments consisted of semen diluted 1:1 and subjected to one of the following procedures: agitation (pipetting up and down 25 times, repeated 4 times at 15-min intervals); temperature changes (semen moved from 7 to 26 C and back to 7 C 3 times at 30-min intervals); or control semen procedures (diluted semen is placed on an orbital shaker at 7 C). Each semen treatment was evaluated within 3 h of dilution and after 24 h storage. Agitation and temperature changes did not affect viability of sperm. Regardless of treatment, the EB procedure revealed no differences in sperm viability before or after 24 h storage. In contrast, the same samples subjected to the stress test revealed significant increases in nonviable sperm after 24 h storage. However, there was no treatment by test interaction. These data indicate that mixing semen with diluent and mild changes in semen temperature associated with the transport of semen between the interval of semen collection to insemination, even up to 24 h storage, have minor effects on sperm viability.
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PMID:Research note: effects of agitation and temperature changes on turkey sperm viability after twenty-four hour storage. 154 51

The clinical use of neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, narcotic analgesics, barbiturates, and neuromuscular blockers to manage delirium and agitation in the intensive-care setting is reviewed. Delirium is the most commonly encountered mental disturbance in critically ill patients and may be precipitated by factors such as physical illness, medications, pain, and emotional stress. If agitation cannot be controlled through nonpharmacologic means, pharmacologic intervention may be necessary. Haloperidol is the neuroleptic of choice for rapid control of delirium and agitation in the critically ill patient. It has few adverse effects in most patients, even at high doses, although it can cause extrapyramidal symptoms. Among the benzodiazepines, lorazepam should be considered a first-line agent. It may be used alone or in combination with haloperidol (or another neuroleptic). Midazolam is suitable for administration by continuous i.v. infusion in the intensive-care setting because of its water solubility, short half-life, and short duration of action. The sedative effects of narcotics may be advantageous in patients with both agitation and pain. Barbiturates are not recommended for routine use in the treatment of delirium and agitation. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents such as pancuronium bromide and metocurine iodide may be necessary when other therapies have failed. Haloperidol and the benzodiazepines, alone or in combination, are the drugs of choice for treatment of acute agitation and delirium in critically ill patients.
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PMID:Treatment of delirium in the critically ill patient. 167 22

It was shown that under definite conditions there was competition between natural variants of sea bacteria belonging to V. fischeri. Natural variants of V. fischeri, strain 6 differed in their resistance to streptomycin and had different growth rates under conditions of limited aeration. Morphologically all the variants were identical. V. fischeri P-0, V. fischeri P-1 and V. fischeri P-2 were studied. The study revealed that V. fischeri P-0 produced a non-dialysing thermostable trypsin-sensitive substance inhibiting the growth of V. fischeri P-1 and V. fischeri P-2. The maximum activity of the antibacterial substance was observed when V. fischeri P-0 was grown in a liquid medium with peptone and yeast extract without agitation at 26 degrees C. The inhibiting substance was also active against V. fischeri BKM B995 and V. fischeri P-7 isolated as a result of V. fischeri P-0 exposure to ethidium bromide. The substance had no effect on the following bacterial species: Aeromonas liquefaciens 301, Achromobacter liquefaciens, Pseudomonas putida 15, Pseudomonas fluorescence 7, Escherichia coli AH-32 and Staphylococcus aureus.
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PMID:[Production of antibiotic substances by natural variants of the marine bacterium Vibrio Fischeri]. 273 Feb 20

We prospectively studied the use of succinylcholine chloride and pancuronium bromide by the physician/nurse flight team of our hospital-based helicopter ambulance service. Patients who received these agents at the scene of an accident (prehospital group, n = 39) were compared with patients who were paralyzed by the flight team in the emergency department of transferring hospitals (control group, n = 35). By protocol, succinylcholine was used primarily for endotracheal intubation and pancuronium for prolonged paralysis after endotracheal intubation. Seventy-four patients received one or both agents. Overall, 61 of 74 patients had intracranial pathology as their primary diagnosis (82%). Endotracheal intubation was the primary indication for paralysis in the majority of patients (67 of 74), although intracranial pressure control, ventilation, agitation control, and seizure control were frequent secondary indications. Prior intubation attempts had failed in 40 of 74 patients (54%). After paralysis, intubation was successful in 68 of 71 patients (96%). Serious complications (ie, dysrhythmia requiring drug therapy) occurred in three patients but resolved with appropriate therapy in each case. Minor complications (ie, dysrhythmia not requiring drug therapy, histamine flush, infiltrated IV line) occurred in 18 patients. There was no significant difference in successful intubation or complication rate between the prehospital and control group. Paralysis allowed airway stabilization in a significant number of critically ill patients who could not otherwise be endotracheally intubated, with a lower incidence of complications than has been previously reported for ED patients. These results suggest that neuromuscular blocking agents can be used safely and effectively at accident scenes by a physician/nurse team.
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PMID:Prehospital use of neuromuscular blocking agents in a helicopter ambulance program. 334 16

Methyl bromide (MeBr) is used as an insecticide fumigant. Four deaths and three recent hospitalizations have resulted from exposures to MeBr in Dade County, FL. Six cases occurred during burglaries of tented houses over a nine-month period. In four lethal exposures, the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and malaise preceded fulminant respiratory failure. Two of these also had seizures, delirium, and agitation. Serum or plasma bromide ion levels ranged from 40 to 583 mg/L. Pulmonary edema, hyaline membranes, and hemorrhagic alveolitis were present at autopsy along with varying degrees of cerebral edema. The nonlethal exposures resulted in symptoms of conjunctival irritation, headache, or nausea. Plasma bromide concentrations varied between 17.5 and 321 mg/L. Methyl bromide characteristics, use, morbidity, and mortality in Florida during the past 25 years are reviewed. Remedies for illegal entry are proposed.
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PMID:Death and injury caused by methyl bromide, an insecticide fumigant. 661 79

The drug release of felodipine, a water-insoluble drug, was tested by using sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate (Tween) or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in the test medium as solubilizers. Three slightly different felodipine extended-release (ER) tablets 10 mg based on the gel matrix principle were evaluated under different solubilizer concentrations, agitation intensities and pH. These tablets were also tested in a bioavailability study together with an oral solution. All three solubilizers substantially enhanced the drug solubility and sink conditions were obtained. The choice of solubilizer affected the drug release rate. This is most probably due to physico-chemical interactions between the gel-forming agent and the solubilizers. All in vitro test conditions provided a good correlation (r2 = 0.94-0.97) to in vivo dissolution, as determined by moment analysis. However, a much steeper in vitro/in vivo relationship was obtained for SLS compared to Tween and CTAB reflecting an inferior discrimination between the tablets by use of this anionic solubilizer.
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PMID:Evaluation of solubilizers in the drug release testing of hydrophilic matrix extended-release tablets of felodipine. 797 7

Self-assembly provides the basis for a procedure used to organize millimeter-scale objects into regular, three-dimensional arrays ("crystals") with open structures. The individual components are designed and fabricated of polyurethane by molding; selected faces are coated with a thin film of liquid, metallic alloy. Under mild agitation in warm, aqueous potassium bromide solution, capillary forces between the films of alloy cause self-assembly. The structures of the resulting, self-assembled arrays are determined by structural features of the component parts: the three-dimensional shape of the components, the pattern of alloy on their surfaces, and the shape of the alloy-coated surfaces. Self-assembly of appropriately designed chiral pieces generates helices.
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PMID:Design and self-assembly of open, regular, 3D mesostructures 1032 Mar 72

After admission on June 30, R.D. remained intubated, and he continued on i.v. steroids, heparin, and warfarin. Nutritional needs were met with a nasointestinal feeding tube and nutritional preparations. He was alert and oriented and communicated appropriately with family and staff via written notes. The patient and his wife wanted to try a ventilator for a period of time before considering a "No CPR" order. His chest wound continued to be open but was healing slowly. Over the next few days, R.D. became more hypoxic with increased respiratory effort and required sedation and assist-control ventilator settings. On July 1, he required more sedation to keep him comfortable, but remained alert and oriented and continued to communicate with his family. On July 3, he sat in a chair for 1.5 hours. On July 4, he developed a large right pneumothorax and a chest tube was placed. He continued to indicate that he was short of breath. The patient remained very anxious and was started on a propofol drip. Later that day, his wife had a discussion with the healthcare team; the decision was made not to resuscitate the patient. On July 5, R.D.'s agitation increased and he was started on additional propofol for sedation, vecuronium bromide to facilitate breathing, and lorazepam i.v. push for relaxation. R.D.'s oxygenation-ventilation status declined through the night. After a discussion between the family and the physician on July 6, life support was withdrawn, and R.D. died later that day. Some of the factors that may have led to R.D.'s radiation-induced pneumonitis include his prior history of smoking as well as his former occupation as a coal miner. He received 15 radiation treatments to his chest area. He also received chemotherapy, including the drug paclitaxel; this combination may have contributed to his radiation-induced pneumonitis. The pneumonitis led to his immunosuppressed condition. R.D.'s superior vena cava syndrome led to the formation of clots for which he received heparin and coumadin. He received steroids to reduce the inflammation from the mediastinoscopy site and in his lung tissues. All of these factors contributed to R.D.'s outcome.
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PMID:Interstitial densities following radiotherapy. 1269 19

The effects of four organophosphorous compounds, three oximes and atropine sulphate, injected through an indwelling cannula into the third ventricle of unanaesthetized dogs were examined. The effects of 200 mug of dyflos were involuntary micturition, defaecation, akinesia of hind limbs and pronounced disturbances of awareness; those of 100 mug of ethyl pyrophosphate were tremor, restlessness and signs of fear; 500 mug to 5 mg of dyflos and 250 mug to 500 mug of ethyl pyrophosphate caused vomiting, salivation, twitches of facial muscles and recurrent epileptiform seizures. The injection of 40 to 80 mg of dimefox and of 50 mg of schradan elicited involuntary micturition, vomiting, salivation and defaecation. These effects occur probably after these substances have passed into the blood stream and have been converted in the liver to potent anticholinesterases. This view is supported by the finding of reduced blood cholinesterase activity. At a dose level of 12.5 mg, 1,1'-trimethylenebis(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium bromide) produced strong convulsions. At this dose level pralidoxime iodide and diacetyl monoxime produced no observable effects. Atropine sulphate in a dose of 1 mg caused disturbances in consciousness and behaviour followed by convulsions. Intraventricular atropine and to a minor extent intraventricular oximes were able to antagonize the effects of intraventricular ethyl pyrophosphate. Pralidoxime iodide exerted a strong antagonistic effect also on intravenous injection.
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PMID:Effects of organophosphorous compounds, oximes and atropine injected into the third ventricle of unanaesthetized dogs. 1388 82


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