Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The binding of human natural killer (NK) cells to their tumor cell targets was investigated by using monolayers of sensitive target cell lines. Monolayers of K562 and HSB, a myeloid and T cell line, respectively, were prepared on poly-L-lysine-coated plastic tissue culture dishes and briefly fixed with 0.2% formaldehyde. Freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were incubated on the monolayers. Nonadherent PBL were then removed, after gentle agitation, by decanting and gently washing the monolayer. They were tested, along with unseparated controls, for NK activity in a short-term 51Cr release assay. PBL that were nonadherent to a tested monolayer had only 20 to 60% of the control cytotoxic activity. Our results suggest that NK recognition sites on the effector lymphocytes were able to interact with reciprocal determinants on the target cell monolayers, resulting in selective loss of NK effector cells from the PBL population. The specificity of the NK effector-target interaction was investigated by testing the ability of each monolayer to remove activity against both targets. These data imply heterogeneity with regard to recognition structure within the NK effector population as well as among the target cells.
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PMID:Depletion of NK by cellular immunoadsorption. 8 60

Using peroxidase-labelled antibodies, the ultrastructural localization of IgA immunoglobulins in duodenojejunal biopsies from children with active coeliac disease was investigated. Satisfactory penetration of conjugates was achieved by 20 hour-fixation in 4% formaldehyde and 8 hour-incubation of thick frozen sections in the presence of peroxidase-labelled anti-human alpha heavy chain antibody under continuous mild agitation. In normal duodeno-jejunal mucosa, deposits of IgA were observed at the ultrastructural level in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the perinuclear space of plasma cells and on lateral cell membranes of villous and crypt epithelial cells. In coeliac mucosa, immuno-electron microscopic studies confirmed the increased cell density of IgA immunocytes and revealed heavy deposits of IgA on the basement membrane of surface epithelial cells and the wall of neighbouring blood vessels.
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PMID:Ultrastructural localization of IgA globulins in normal and coeliac intestinal mucosa using immunoenzymatic methods. 79 8

To better understand the interaction between bacteria and surfaces, we studied the irreversible attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a common surfacing material. When brought into contact with the steel, cells began to attach in less than 1 min and the number adhering increased with time. An important physiological variable in attachment was cell motility since adherence decreased at least 90% when flagella were removed by blending. This treatment was shown to be effective because it caused motility loss and not because it removed a structure necessary for adherence. Cell viability was less important since adherence decreased only 50% when the number of viable cells was reduced 4.7 logs by heating or formaldehyde treatment. Significant environmental variables included turbulence and ionic strength. Attachment of motile cells was reduced 90% by agitation, although agitation had little effect on adherence of nonmotile cells. Both motile and nonmotile cells adhered poorly in distilled water with attachment increasing as CaCl2 or NaCl concentration increased to 10 mM. At 100 mM, attachment decreased. Viable cells, both motile and nonmotile, adhered best at a pH of 7 to 8, whereas nonviable cells attached most rapidly at a low pH.
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PMID:Factors affecting the irreversible attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to stainless steel. 642 48

Endothelin (ET)-A and ET-B receptors have been reported to exist in the spinal cord but the roles of ET-A and ET-B receptors in the spinal cord are poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of the roles of ET-A and ET-B receptors in nociceptive information transmission in the spinal cord, this study evaluated the effects of ET-1, ET-3, Sarafotoxin S6c (an ET-B receptor-selective agonist) and (R)2-[(R)-2-[(S)-2-[[1- (hexahydro-1H-azepinyl)]carbonyl]amino-4-methyl-pentanoyl]amino-3- [3-(1-methyl-1H-indolyl)]propionyl]amino-3-(2-pyridyl)propionic acid (FR139317, an ET-A receptor-selective antagonist) on the agitation behavior evoked by formaldehyde solution injection and on the thermal nociceptive test. The s.c. injection of formaldehyde solution into the hind paw evoked a biphasic flinching (phase 1, 0-9 min; phase 2, 10-60 min) of the injected paw. For the purpose of data analysis, phase 2 was further divided into two phases (phase 2a, 10-34 min; phase 2b, 35-60 min). Intrathecal injection of ET-1 depressed the phase 1 and 2 flinching behavior in a dose-dependent manner and this ET-1 effect was antagonized by FR139317. Intrathecal injection of either ET-3 or Sarafotoxin S6c enhanced the phase 2a flinching behavior in a dose-dependent manner. Intrathecal injection of the highest doses of ET-1, ET-3 and Sarafotoxin S6c had no effect on the thermal nociceptive test. These data indicate that ET-A and ET-B receptors have a powerful effect on spinal nociceptive processing evoked by formaldehyde solution injection but not that evoked by thermal stimulation.
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PMID:Analysis of the role of endothelin-A and endothelin-B receptors on nociceptive information transmission in the spinal cord with FR139317, an endothelin-A receptor antagonist, and sarafotoxin S6c, an endothelin-B receptor agonist. 796 9

Combinations of physical and chemical methods were evaluated for their ability to remove particle-associated microorganisms (PAM) from saline-washed ruminal digesta solids (SWRDS). Physical methods included chilling and storage, homogenization, multiple extraction, and agitation with marbles. Chemical methods included use of low pH, Tween 80, formaldehyde, methanol, tertiary butanol, and methylcellulose. Microbial removal from SWRDS was determined directly by using epifluorescence microscopy and indirectly by measuring removal of diaminopimelic acid and total purines. Different combinations of methods resulted in removals of 46 to 82% for particle-associated bacteria (PAB), 52 to 98% for particle-associated protozoa (PAP), and 60 to 83% for PAB plus PAP. Two methods were considered most effective, based on microscopy; both removed similar amounts of PAB (79 to 82%) and PAB plus PAP (80 to 83%). In one method, SWRDS were stored for 24 h at 4 degrees C in a solution of pH 2 saline, .1% Tween 80, 1.0% methanol, and 1.0% tertiary butanol. In the other method, SWRDS were incubated for 30 min in .1% methylcellulose before storage for 24 h at 4 degrees C in pH 2 saline, .1% Tween 80, and 1.0% methanol. Common to both treatments was subsequent homogenization of the suspensions for 15 s followed by washing the digesta solids seven times with the treatment solutions. Both methods resulted in values that exceeded those reported previously for removal of PAM from ruminal digesta solids.
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PMID:Improved techniques for dissociating particle-associated mixed ruminal microorganisms from ruminal digesta solids. 805 82

Formaldehyde treated and sulphuric acid treated saw dusts were used to adsorb malachite green at varying dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and agitation time. Similar experiments were conducted with laboratory grade activated carbon to compare the results. The adsorption efficiency of sulphuric acid treated sawdust (SD) was higher than formaldehyde treated SD. The adsorption followed first order rate expression and Lagergren equation. An initial pH in the range of 6-9 was favorable for the dye removal by both the adsorbents. Dilute solutions were effectively decolorized by the adsorbents. It is proposed that in batch or stirred tank reactors, both adsorbents can be an attractive option for dye adsorption.
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PMID:Dye removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust. 1269 29

Microencapsulated healing agents that possess adequate strength, long shelf-life and excellent bonding to the host material are required for self-healing materials. Urea-formaldehyde microcapsules containing dicyclopentadiene were prepared by in situ polymerization in an oil-in-water emulsion that meet these requirements for self-healing epoxy. Microcapsules of 10-1000 microm in diameter were produced by appropriate selection of agitation rate in the range of 200-2000 rpm. A linear relation exists between log(mean diameter) and log(agitation rate). Surface morphology and shell wall thickness were investigated by optical and electron microscopy. Microcapsules are composed of a smooth 160-220 nm inner membrane and a rough, porous outer surface of agglomerated urea-formaldehyde nanoparticles. Surface morphology is influenced by pH of the reacting emulsion and interfacial surface area at the core-water interface. High yields (80-90%) of a free flowing powder of spherical microcapsules were produced with a fill content of 83-92 wt% as determined by CHN analysis.
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PMID:In situ poly(urea-formaldehyde) microencapsulation of dicyclopentadiene. 1459 61

The adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions on formaldehyde treated sawdust (SD) and sulphuric acid treated sawdust carbon (SDC) of Indian Rosewood, a timber industry waste, was studied at varying Cr(VI) concentrations, adsorbent dose, pH and agitation time. Similar experiments were conducted with commercially available coconut based activated carbon to compare the results. The Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency on SDC was higher than SD. The adsorption followed first order rate expression and Lagergren equation. An initial pH of 3.0 was most favorable for Cr(VI) removal by both the adsorbents. Maximum Cr(VI) was sequestered from the solution within 60 min after the beginning for every experiment. It is proposed that SDC and SD can be potential adsorbents for Cr(VI) removal from dilute solutions.
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PMID:Adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution on treated sawdust. 1464 89

Ibuprofen-gelatin micropellets were prepared by the cross-linking technique using formaldehyde. Spherical micropellets having an entrapment efficiency of 65% to 85% were obtained. The effect of core to coat ratio, speed of agitation, temperature, and volume of oil phase was studied with respect to entrapment efficiency, micropellet size, and surface characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetric analysis confirmed the absence of any drug-polymer interaction. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that there is a decrease in crystallinity of the drug. The micromeritic properties of micropellets were found to be slightly changed by changing various processing parameters to give micropellets of good flow property. The in vitro release profile could be altered significantly by changing various processing parameters to give a controlled release of drug from the micropellets. The stability studies of the drug-loaded micropellets showed that the drug was stable at storage conditions of room temperature, 37 degrees C, 25 degrees/60% relative humidity (RH) and 45 degrees/60% RH, for 12 weeks.
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PMID:Encapsulation of water-insoluble drug by a cross-linking technique: effect of process and formulation variables on encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and in vitro dissolution rate. 1519 13

A sort of functional microcapsules, which contain a suspension responsive to electric fields, is prepared by in situ polymerization of urea and formaldehyde. The suspension is made up of pigment phthalocyanine green (PPG) and tetrachloroethylene. In order to solve the particles' separation from the suspension during the microencapsulation and to obtain microcapsules applying to electronic ink display, the dispersibility of the particles, the contact angles between the particles and the tetrachloroethylene, and the influences of different emulsifiers on the microencapsulation are investigated. It is found that the dispersion extent and lipophilicity of the PPG particles are improved due to their surface modification with octadecylamine. The contact angles between the modified PPG particles and the tetrachloroethylene increase, and the PPG particles modified with 2 wt% octadecylamine have the best affinity for tetrachloroethylene. The interfacial tension between C(2)Cl(4) and H(2)O with urea-formaldehyde prepolymer descends from 43 to 35 mN/m, which indicates that the polymer has certain surface activity. However, water-soluble emulsifiers have an important influence during the microencapsulation because they can absorb on the surfaces of internal phase and prevent the resin of urea-formaldehyde from depositing there. From the SEM images of shell surface and cross section, the microcapsules have relatively smooth surfaces and the average thickness is about 4.5 mum. When the microcapsules are prepared with agitation rates of 1000 and 600 rpm, the mean diameters of the obtained microcapsules are 11 and 155 mum, respectively. The particles in the capsules move toward positive electrode with a responsive time of several hundred milliseconds while providing an electric field.
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PMID:Synthesis of functional microcapsules containing suspensions responsive to electric fields. 1578 Mar 5


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