Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The binding of human natural killer (NK) cells to their tumor cell targets was investigated by using monolayers of sensitive target cell lines. Monolayers of K562 and HSB, a myeloid and T cell line, respectively, were prepared on poly-L-lysine-coated plastic tissue culture dishes and briefly fixed with 0.2% formaldehyde. Freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were incubated on the monolayers. Nonadherent PBL were then removed, after gentle agitation, by decanting and gently washing the monolayer. They were tested, along with unseparated controls, for NK activity in a short-term 51Cr release assay. PBL that were nonadherent to a tested monolayer had only 20 to 60% of the control cytotoxic activity. Our results suggest that NK recognition sites on the effector lymphocytes were able to interact with reciprocal determinants on the target cell monolayers, resulting in selective loss of NK effector cells from the PBL population. The specificity of the NK effector-target interaction was investigated by testing the ability of each monolayer to remove activity against both targets. These data imply heterogeneity with regard to recognition structure within the NK effector population as well as among the target cells.
 ...
PMID:Depletion of NK by cellular immunoadsorption. 8 60

The dose-effect relationships of intraventricularly injected bradykinin, Gly-Arg-Met-Lys-bradykinin (GAML-bradykinin), synthetic substance P and angiotensin II on lever-lifting behavior of rabbits in a variable-interval (VI) 72-second schedule of sweetened water presentation were determined. All peptides used caused dose-dependent decreases in overall rates of VI responding during the experimental session in the following order of potency: angiotensin II greater than bradykinin = substance P greater than GAML-bradykinin. The angiotensin II dose-effect curve was less steep than those of the other peptides. The administration of nearly equimolar doses of the bradykinin potentiating peptides, BPP5a and BPP9a, slightly decreased overall VI response rates and caused a 10- to 20-fold potentiation of the rate-decreasing effect of bradykinin on VI responding. Both angiotensin II and bradykinin caused pauses in responding of dose-dependent duration at the beginning of the experimental session that were followed by normal VI responding. The effect of GAML-bradykinin on VI performance was similar to that of bradykinin and angiotensin II but had a delay of onset of 3 to 6 minutes. In contrast, substance P caused actual decreases in response output and pauses of variable duration interspersed between periods of regular VI responding. At the doses used, both bradykinin-potentiating peptides caused uniform decreases in VI responding throughout the experimental session. Gross behavioral changes caused by the peptides were also observed. After the intraventricular injection of bradykinin or GAML-bradykinin, rabbits showed decreased motility, ptosis, miosis and lowered ears; after angiotensin II, animals remained motionless but with wide open eyes, fully raised ears and no miosis. In turn, substance P caused restlessness and increased locomotion. These results together with reported evidence on other powerful central actions of bradykinin, angiotensin and substance P and on the existence of components of their releasing and destroying enzymatic systems in the brain suggest that linear peptides may play a role in the functioning of the central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:Effect of intracerebroventricular bradykinin and related peptides on rabbit operant behavior. 109 6

Rat-mouse and mouse-mouse hybridoma cell lines were used for formation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in microcapsules of different sizes. Microcapsules were made of poly L-lysine-alginate hydrogel membranes. The effects of extracapsule liquid film, intracapsule and transmembrane transfer limitations of nutrients/products on system's performance were investigated. An agitation speed of 45 rpm (4 cm/s tip speed) was found to be optimal in spinner flasks to overcome liquid film resistances around capsules. Capsule sizes need to be reduced to smaller than 350 mu in order to eliminate intracapsule transfer limitations with a typical initial viable cell concentration of 0.5 x 10(5) viable cells/mL capsule. Double coating of capsules to improve strength of capsules resulted in higher transmembrane transfer resistances.
 ...
PMID:Mass transfer effects in microencapsulated hybridoma cells producing monoclonal antibodies. 274 84

Cadaverine was found in bacteriophage T4 when the host cells of Escherichia coli K-12 were grown in complex media and aerated by agitation. Only traces of cadaverine were found if the host was grown and agitated in synthetic medium or was aerated by vigorous bubbling in a complex medium. When the host cells were grown anaerobically in a complex medium, cadaverine became the major polyamine in the progeny phage. The polyamine content comprised 80% cadaverine, 14% spermidine (or its recently discovered homologue, N-3-aminopropyl-1, 5-diaminopentane), and the remainder putrescine. The conditions that favored appearance of cadaverine are known to be required for induction of lysine decarboxylase. It was shown that lysine was the sole source of bacterial cadaverine.
 ...
PMID:Cadaverine in bacteriophage T4. 457 87

Tissue from histologically confirmed ACTH cell adenomas in Cushing's disease (CD) and Nelson's syndrome (NS) was gained by transsphenoidal surgery. Combined enzymatic and mechanic agitation of tumor tissue yielded a cell suspension. Aliquots of the cell suspension were transferred to superfusion chambers immediately after isolation and investigated for ACTH and beta-endorphin production. Feedback action of cortisol (CO) and dexamethasone on basal hormone production and on lysine vasopressin (LVP) induced ACTH secretion were studied. Adenomatous tissue and anterior lobe tissue from the same patient in CD could be investigated simultaneously in 4 cases. The paraadenomatous tissue showed depression of basal and LVP-induced ACTH secretion. In all adenomatous tissues investigated there was missing or reduced suppression of basal ACTH secretion by physiological levels of CO. CO not only failed to suppress LVP-induced ACTH secretion but also seemed to enhance LVP stimulation in some experiments. This study confirms former results, that a missing or inversed feedback action or glucocorticoids in adenoma cells is a mechanism involved in the pathological ACTH secretion in CD and NS. Bioassayable and immunoreactive ACTH from media of superfusion and short-term static incubation were compared with beta-endorphin and beta-LPH in an assay detecting these two peptides with equimolar sensitivity. Secretory patterns were basically parallel but great differences showed in quantities of hormones secreted. In addition, Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography was performed to separate beta-endorphin from beta-LPH and to calculate the ratios. These profiles show great variations between different adenomas.
 ...
PMID:In vitro secretion of ACTH, beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin in Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome. 626 13

A much-simplified method for the purification of plasma membranes of cultured cells is presented, based upon the attachment of viable cells to nitrocellulose-treated DEAE-Sephadex beads, and their subsequent shearing by hypotonic lysis, agitation on a vortex mixer and sonication. The method is suggested by an older procedure involving attachment to poly-(L-lysine)-coated glass or polyacrylamide beads; the preparation involved in the present method, however, is considerably easier, more rapid and less expensive. Recovery of L-cell plasma membrane marker enzyme activities is approx. 25%, while contamination by internal membrane markers is much less than 1%.
 ...
PMID:Plasma membrane isolation on DEAE-Sephadex beads. 741 48

Spontaneous echo contrast ("echocardiographic smoke") is known to occur in low-flow states and to require the presence of red cells and plasma proteins. Limited morphologic information regarding the microanatomic structure of red cells exhibiting spontaneous echo contrast is known. The study was designed to evaluate the microanatomic features of red cells exhibiting spontaneous echocardiographic contrast with scanning electron microscopy. With human blood, a beaker, and a stirring bar, a simple model for demonstration of spontaneous echo contrast and its reversal was devised. Blood elements were "sampled" from within this model at times of high and low spontaneous echogenicity by adherence of blood elements to poly-L-lysine-coated slides that were subsequently fixed and examined with scanning electron microscopy. Spontaneous echo contrast was maximal at complete stasis or low-flow states and could be abolished by agitation of blood with continuous stirring. Sampling during low-flow states with high echogenicity showed a preponderance of clumped red cells, whereas at high-flow and low echogenicity states red cells were dispersed and usually solitary. No morphologic features suggestive of activation of the coagulation system were noted. Spontaneous echo contrast is caused by reversible red blood cell clumping, which occurs in fresh human blood at low-flow (low shear rate) states and can be abolished by increasing flow. This phenomenon is independent of activation of the clotting system.
 ...
PMID:Cause of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast as assessed by scanning electron microscopy. 818 62

When first tested for abnormal hemoglobins, a 2-year-old boy, appeared to have Hb F, Hb S and Hb A2. Confirmatory testing revealed a beta chain variant inherited from his father and beta S from his mother. Analysis of tryptic peptides in conjunction with automated DNA sequence analysis showed that the variant hemoglobin was Hb Shelby [beta 131(H9)Gln-->Lys (CAG-->AAG)]. Heat and mechanical stabilities of various liganded Hb Shelby tetramers were compared to those of Hb A and Hb S. Oxy-Hb Shelby precipitated more readily than oxy-Hb A, but was much more stable than oxy-Hb S during mechanical agitation. In contrast, oxy-Hb Shelby was much less stable than oxy-Hb A and oxy-Hb S following heat treatment. Met-Hb Shelby was most unstable compared to other liganded forms of Hb Shelby, while deoxy- and carbonmonoxy-forms of Hb Shelby showed similar heat-induced precipitation rates. These data indicate that heat instability of Hb Shelby is accompanied by heme oxidation, and that denaturation by mechanical agitation occurs in the absence of heme oxidation. Hb Shelby, like Hb A, can form hybrids with Hb S which participate in polymer formation in vitro. However, Hb S/Hb Shelby hybrids copolymerized with Hb S less than A/S hybrids. Since the patient's MCHC value is normal, this finding coupled with the elevated Hb A2 and Hb F levels, both of which are known to inhibit polymerization of Hb S, may contribute to the patient's mild clinical presentation.
 ...
PMID:Hb Shelby [beta 131(H9)Gln-->Lys] in association with Hb S [beta 6(A3)Glu-->Val]: characterization, stability, and effects on Hb S polymerization. 822 94

Erwinia herbicola (ATCC 21434) was grown in a medium which caused the cells to induce tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL) activity. Whole cells of Erwinia herbicola were then microencapsulated within alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate membraned microcapsules (diameter 800 microns). In a rotary shaker-incubator with a 1.9 cm horizontal throw, an agitation rate of at least 240 revolutions per minute (rpm) was required before the TPL activity of the microencapsulated cells was equal to that of the free cells. The TPL activity of the cells, whether free or microencapsulated, could be used for the conversion of ammonia, pyruvate and phenol into tyrosine at 37 degrees C. The results indicate that free cells and microencapsulated cells effect the conversion of these reactants to tyrosine equally well if the agitation rate is 240 rpm. In liver failure the concentrations of both ammonia, phenol and pyruvate are elevated. Hence the TPL activity of microencapsulated Erwinia herbicola could possibly find application in a novel approach for the removal of toxic phenol and ammonia during liver failure.
 ...
PMID:Free and microencapsulated Erwinia herbicola for the production of tyrosine. 839 73

A quantitative method has been developed for the evaluation of biomicrocapsule resistance to mechanical stress. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran (M.W. 2 x 10(6)) was microencapsulated in alginate-poly-L-lysine membranes. Microcapsules of 302.0 +/- 3.2 microns were mixed with 3 mm glass beads and continuously agitated for 0 to 144 h. The percentage of broken capsules was calculated by measuring the fluorescence in the supernatant and in the residual intact capsules after the latter were dissolved. The fluorescence method was validated by comparison with a manual method (handpicking under a stereomicroscope). The highest percentage of broken capsules was obtained with a ratio of 225 +/- 25 glass beads per 1000 microcapsules. The percentage of broken capsules increased linearly from 7.3% at 12 h to 48.3% at 72 h of continuous agitation. The applicability of the method was evaluated by studying microcapsules of potentially different levels of resistance. The results confirmed that capsule resistance is improved by increasing poly-L-lysine concentrations and incubation times. Microcapsules made with guluronic acid-rich alginate were stronger than those made with mannuronic acid-rich alginate. In conclusion, this is a simple, precise and sensitive method for the quantification of biomicrocapsule resistance to mechanical stress.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative method for the evaluation of biomicrocapsule resistance to mechanical stress. 890 43


1 2 3 4 Next >>