Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paroxysmal dyskinesias are intermittent attacks of involuntary hyperkinetics abnormal movements. Among paroxysmal dyskinesias were individualized three entities: paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis, paroxysmal choreoathetosis of Mount and Reback, hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia. New classifications are based upon the circumstances of occurrence, the duration of attacks and their etiology. We report here two observations of idiopathic non familial paroxysmal dyskinesias in three-year-old children. Both were seen first in consultation for falls and nocturnal motor agitation. The attacks were paroxysmal jerky "puppet-like" movements lasting from 20 seconds to 15 minutes. They could occur during non REM sleep, during the day, at rest, after a sudden movement, or during prolonged exercise. Carbamazepine was inefficient. These cases were not classifiable according to the classical criteria and could constitute a new entity. Moreover, some sleep-EEG showed abnormal patterns (frontal rapid rhythms, central spikes in one case) and led us to discuss the pathophysiology of this episodic movements disorder, and its relation with frontal partial epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:[Diurnal and nocturnal paroxysmal dyskinesia in young children: a new entity?]. 929 45

Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with an early childhood onset featuring mainly motor and vocal tics. We present the anesthetic management for cesarean delivery of a 21-year-old pregnant woman with Tourette's syndrome. She had shrugging of the shoulders and sudden, jerky, repetitive, irregular movements of the hands. General anesthesia was given for cesarean delivery. A live male infant weighing 3130 g was delivered. Her perioperative course was uneventful. No complication was observed. The patient and baby were discharged on the 4th postoperative day. It was decided to prescribe haloperidol 5 mg per day after lactation. Anesthesiologists should remember that there are special considerations when managing anesthesia in patients with Tourette's syndrome. The motor tics may lead to technical difficulty in performing regional anesthesia and surgery. Therefore general anesthesia may be appropriate in order to prevent agitation or involuntary movements. If patient movement and agitation can be controlled by sedation, regional block may be attempted. Drugs such as metoclopramide, ondansetron, midazolam and opioids may be used safely for anesthesia in Tourette's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Anesthetic management for cesarean delivery in a woman with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. 1643 79

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) was determined in blood samples from impaired drivers, people arrested for petty drug offenses (non-traffic cases), and GHB-related deaths. The method of analysis involved conversion of GHB into gamma-butyrolactone and determination of the latter by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and with gamma-valerolactone as the internal standard. The mean and median concentrations of GHB in blood from impaired drivers (N=473) were 90 and 84 mg/L, respectively, and offenders were predominantly men (96%) with an average age of 26 year (range 15-50 year). In 185 cases, GHB was the only drug present in blood at mean and median concentrations of 92 and 86 mg/L, respectively. People arrested for petty drug offenses (N=1061) had slightly higher GHB concentrations in their blood: median 118 mg/L for men and 111 mg/L for women. In GHB-related deaths (N=33), the mean and median concentrations were considerably higher: 307 mg/L and 190 mg/L, respectively, and the highest was 2200 mg/L. The typical signs of drug influence noted by the arresting police officers included sedation, agitation, slurred speech, irrational behaviour, jerky movements, and spitting. The short elimination half-life of GHB means that the concentrations in blood decrease rapidly and are probably a lot lower than at the time of driving, which was 30-90 min earlier.
 ...
PMID:Gamma-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in the blood of impaired drivers, users of illicit drugs, and medical examiner cases. 1809 15

We used an in-house forensic toxicology database (TOXBASE) to evaluate the occurrences of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in blood samples from people arrested in Sweden for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) between 1998 and 2007. Age, gender, and concentrations of GHB in blood were compared and contrasted when GHB was the only drug present and when it occurred along with other drugs. GHB was determined in blood by gas chromatography (GC) after conversion to gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and analysis of the latter with a flame ionization detector. The cut-off concentration of GHB in blood for reporting a positive result was 8 mg/l, which served as limit of quantitation. The mean and median GHB concentrations were 89 mg/l and 82 mg/l, respectively (2(1/2) and 97(1/2) percentiles 12 and 220 mg/l) in 548 arrested drivers. These individuals were predominantly men (95%) with an average age of 26 +/- 5.5 years (range 15-50 years) and women (5%) were several years older with an average age of 32 +/- 8.0 years (range 19-47). There were 102 individuals (29%) who were arrested more than once with GHB in blood (average approximately 3 times per person) and one as many as 10 times. GHB was the only psychoactive substance detected in 215 cases (39%) at mean and median blood-concentrations of 91 mg/l and 83 mg/l, respectively. These concentrations were not significantly different from poly-drug users. A weak but statistically significant correlation existed between the concentration of GHB in blood and the person's age (N = 548, r = 0.135, P < 0.01). The signs of drug influence noted by arresting police officers included sedation, agitation, unsteady gait, slurred speech, irrational behavior, jerky body movements, dilated pupils, and spitting. The blood concentrations reported here are probably appreciably less than at time of driving (30-90 min earlier) owing to the short elimination half-life of GHB (t ((1/2)) = 30-40 min).
 ...
PMID:Driving under the influence of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). 1929 40