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Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microaggregates (MA) composed of platelets and white blood cells form during the storage of human blood. These particles are believed to be a cause of pulmonary insufficiency in patients receiving massive blood transfusions. The present controlled study determined the effect of constant gentle agitation of CPD-anticoagulated blood, during storage at 4 C, on the formation of MA. Using a Model T Coulter Counter, it was found that agitated blood contained significantly lower volumes of MA at 7 and 14 days than did nonagitated controls. However, significant elevations, above control levels, of plasma free hemoglobin, lactic dehydrogenase, and potassium indicated significant injury to cellular components of agitated blood. This study raises serious doubts concerning the potential clinical usefulness of blood agitation during storage to prevent MA formation.
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PMID:The effect of agitation of stored human blood on microaggregate formation. 2 92

It has now been substantiated that the viability and function of concentrated platelets stored for 72 hours are best preserved at a storage temperature of 22 degrees C rather than 4 degrees C. However, in order to preserve viability at 22 degrees C several other conditions must be met and maintained, namely, an appropriate storage bag (Fenwal's PL-146, McGaw or Cutter's CL-2383), constant gentle agitation with a platform shaker, CPD anticoagulation, and a platelet concentration of less than 1.6 x 10(12)/liter. Unfortunately, in vitro parameters which can accurately assess stored platelet viability and function are not reliable.
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PMID:Preservation of platelet viability and function during storage of concentrates. 3 33

Blood stored at 4 C in ACD or CPD solution develops microaggregates composed primarily of fibrin and platelets. This debris has been implicated in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic pulmonary insufficiency in man. Recent work indicates that gentle agitation of the blood during storage appears to decrease debris formation. These studies were undertaken to establish more clearly the effect of agitation on debris formation. Blood was drawn in CPD from healthy young males, non-aspirin ingesting donors and stored at 4 C. One-half of the bags were gently and continuously agitated for 21 days and the other half remained stationary. At the end of the storage period, platelet counts and screen filtration pressures were measured. Agitated blood showed significantly less debris formation and significantly higher platelet counts. Gentle agitation was shown to be an effective method for preventing debris formation in banked blood.
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PMID:Effect of agitation on platelet aggregation and microaggregate formation in banked blood. 111 57

Agitation of blood stored in plastic containers has been reported to lead to improved posttransfusion survival and it has been found that, in some media, agitation has improved erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels. Using CPD II media (CPD with 277.5 mM glucose and 2.04 mM adenine), we were not able to identify any improvement in levels of adenosine triphosphate, 2,3-DPG or glucose in whole blood under various agitation conditions when compared with nonagitated control. The 2,3-DPG level was moderately improved through 28 days in the 90 per cent hematocrit packed erythrocytes but the results were not considered to be significantly beneficial to warrant agitation. Thus, the application of agitation to the CPD II blood storage system was of no great benefit in improving metabolic intermediate levels.
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PMID:The effect of agitation on in vitro metabolism of erythrocytes stored in CPD-adenine. 111 79

A new method for the preparation of platelet concentrates (PCs) is described. The source material is buffy coat (BC), prepared after keeping standard CPD whole-blood units at room temperature for 6-12 h, followed by centrifugation at 3,500 rpm for 10 min (first series) or 4,000 rpm for 12.5 min (second series). BC, separated from plasma and red cells, was kept at room temperature for a further 8-12 h without agitation. Pools of 6 (first series) and 4 (second series) BCs were prepared using a sterile docking device and suspended in a platelet-additive solution (PAS) containing sodium/potassium chloride, citrate, phosphate, and mannitol. After gentle centrifugation, the platelet-rich supernatant was expressed to and stored in one (first series) or two (second series) 1-liter polyolefine (PL-732) containers. In the first series, the total number of platelets was 316 +/- 59 x 10(9) per PC (yield 65%). However, when the method was applied at a routine scale, the yield varied considerably and was shown to be strongly dependent on the hematocrit of the BCs. A number of steps were taken to standardize the technique which resulted in an improved yield (77.3 +/- 8.7%) with 316 +/- 52 x 10(9) platelets (mean +/- SD, range 203-490, n = 134), obtained from 4 BC pools and lower leukocyte contamination than before, 18 +/- 17 X 10(6) per preparation (range 1-73, microscopic counting, n = 38). The storage medium consisted of a mixture of plasma and PAS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Platelet concentrates in an additive solution prepared from pooled buffy coats. 1. In vitro studies. 226 16

Platelet concentrates (PC) were prepared from CPD-blood using PL-146 triple bag system (Fenwal). They were stored in 60 ml plasma at room temperature for 72 h with gentle agitation by side-over-side rotation with 2 rpm. PC contained on average more than 0.55.10(11) platelets form 450 ml blood. There were significant correlations between pH-values and platelet number as well as percentage of disc-shaped platelets. pH-values, number of platelets and morphology were well maintained in all PC, but 4 of 18 had pH-values below 6.0 after 72 h. This means that 95% of the stored PC had sufficient quality after 48 h and only 78% had it after 72 h.
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PMID:[Thrombocyte storage in plasma. Preparation and storage of thrombocyte concentrates in polyvinyl chloride PL 146 standard bags]. 247 1

The CPD article about caring for older people experiencing agitation is relevant to my practice. I work on an acute oncology assessment ward, which provides rapid assessment and care for acutely unwell patients.
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PMID:Agitation. 2630 19

I found the CPD article on caring for older people experiencing agitation useful, since agitation is prevalent in patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Agitation, defined as extreme restlessness, is a symptom experienced by many people who receive medical care.
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PMID:Agitation in patients. 2715 20

This study addresses the possibility of platelet quality being maintained during storage by an endogenous metabolic fuel, while avoiding dextrose-induced lactate accumulation. This was achieved by harvesting platelet concentrates from blood donations collected into a dextrose-free anticoagulant. Adequate maintenance of all metabolic and functional parameters was observed in platelets from blood collected into 4% citrate. The requirement for platelets stored in CPD plasma to be agitated during storage was confirmed, but agitation could be omitted for dextrose-free platelets without increased lactate generation and a drop in pH. These results indicate that platelet concentrates from dextrose-free blood may be stored without some of the constraints accompanying platelet storage in conventional media, and may thus result in improved delivery of this product.
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PMID:Storage of platelet concentrates harvested from blood collected into dextrose-free preservative without agitation. 2831 70