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Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fat embolism syndrome is a well-defined clinical entity that can usually be recognized in patients who have long-bone fractures. Cerebral symptoms of restlessness, confusion, stupor, and coma correlate with the autopsy findings of fat in the brain, but the amount of fat or amount of petechial hemorrhage cannot be quantitated with the severity of the cerebral symptoms. There is a correlation between the clinical manifestations of dyspnea and tachypnea and the autopsy findings in the lungs, which are heavy from edema and alveolar hemorrhage; however, we cannot correlate the degree of pathologic change in the lung, including lung weights, with the severity of findings clinically.
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PMID:The clinical and pathologic correlation of fat embolism syndrome. 115 33

Effects of intracerebroventricular (third ventricle) injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on arterial blood pressure, on heart rate, on arginine vasopressin (AVP) and levels of catecholamines in plasma and on the behaviour of normotensive freely-moving rats have been evaluated. N-Methyl-D-aspartate significantly (P less than 0.01) increased arterial blood pressure and levels of catecholamines and AVP in plasma. With 0.1-1.0 micrograms/rat all animals presented psychomotor agitation, stereotyped movements, hyperexcitability, exophthalmus, dyspnoea, jumping, rearing and teething. The selective antagonist for NMDA receptors, 2-APV injected in the third ventricle, significantly (P less than 0.01) antagonized the hypertension, the increase in levels of catecholamines and AVP in plasma and behavioural effects. An antagonist of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors, prazosin (i.v.), an agonist of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors, clonidine (i.c.v.) and a relatively selective antagonist of V1 subtype of receptor of AVP, CGP 25838 (i.c.v. and i.v.), 15 min before NMDA, significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased the effects induced by the injections of NMDA. On the contrary, an antagonist of opiate receptors, naloxone (i.v.), 15 min before NMDA, significantly (P less than 0.01) increased the NMDA-induced modifications. Pretreatment with the antagonists at these doses, did not significantly modify the basal values of arterial blood pressure and behaviour. Only 2-APV sometimes induced ataxia, lasting about 5 min. This study points out an increase in the central sympathetic efferent activity and in release of AVP involved in the NMDA-induced cardiovascular and behavioural effects.
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PMID:Participation of arginine vasopressin-mediated and adrenergic system-mediated mechanisms in the hypertension induced by intracerebroventricular administration of NMDA in freely moving rats. 135 1

This study documents 3-year retrospective analysis of accidental kerosene oil poisoning in 70 children with regard to clinical profile, radiological changes and outcome. About 77% of cases were between 1 and 3 years old. Fifty children (71.4%) developed significant symptoms, with onset soon after to within 10 hours of ingestion. These included breathlessness (55.7%), fever (47.1%), cough (31.4%), restlessness (25.7%) and abdominal distension (15.7%). Chest X-rays were obtained in 65 children. Abnormal radiographs were seen in 45 (69.2%) children with right basal infiltrates being the commonest picture (21.4%). Ingestion of more than one ounce of kerosene oil adversely affected the clinical and radiological profile. Severely malnourished children had extensive radiological changes and poorer clinical outcome. One case developed myocarditis, a complication which has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. Mortality rate was 4.3%. All deaths occurred within 48 hours of admission.
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PMID:Kerosene oil poisoning--a childhood menace. 145 19

Though patients usually die peacefully, problems may arise in the last period of a terminal illness. In the final days new symptoms may arise or there may be exacerbation or recurrence of symptoms previously well controlled. Two hundred consecutive hospice patients were studied. The incidence was noted of pain, dyspnea, moist breathing, nausea and vomiting, confusion, restlessness, jerking and twitching, difficulty in swallowing, incontinence and retention of urine, sweating, moaning and groaning, and loss of consciousness. Each symptom is considered and the results of the management employed are noted. Many of the features appearing in the last days of a terminal illness, especially cancer, can be attributed to organic brain disease consequent to metabolic disorder associated with multi-organ failure. An awareness of the nature of the problems that may arise in the last 48 hours of life makes it possible to keep the patient comfortable to the end.
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PMID:The last 48 hours of life. 170 17

The present paper is part on an extensive follow-up study aimed at the investigation of the effects of in-patient psychotherapy and at the durability of those effects. Using a psychoanalytic oriented personality-inventory (PSKB, Rudolf 1981) 85 phobic patients were examined at the beginning, at the end, and one year after a 6-8 week in-patient psychotherapy. Our results confirmed some of the generally described personality-characteristics in patients with phobia: the phobic symptoms are often accompanied by physical symptoms (sensation of dizziness, weakness sensation, palpitation, sleep disturbance, heavy sweating and breathlessness) and psychic symptoms (anxiousness, depression, restlessness, reduced self-awareness, pedantry, inhibition of aggressive impulses) which could be influenced by psychotherapy. Furthermore we depicted results which have not yet been published in literature.
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PMID:[Personality markers of phobic patients and their change in psychotherapy. Descriptive results of a catamnestic project of the effectiveness of 6-9 week inpatient treatment]. 177 Dec 26

In a rehabilitation setting, pulmonary embolism is a relatively frequent and life-threatening complication. Deciding when a patient may be experiencing this condition is difficult, however, because of frequent deficits in patient communication skills (eg, aphasia and cognitive deficits) and the multisystem illnesses affecting many rehabilitation patients. We reviewed the charts of 30 rehabilitation patients transferred emergently during the years 1986 to 1988 with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, which was subsequently documented by ventilation-perfusion scanning. The average age of the 30 patients was 65; 63% were women and 20 (67%) had an admitting diagnosis of stroke. The most common new-onset clinical findings in the 24 hours before discharge were unusual facial skin color changes (pale, flushed, or cyanotic) (57%), chest or upper back pain (47%), tachycardia (heart rate more than 100 bpm) (40%), hypoxemia (arterial oxygen saturation less than or equal to 90%) (40%), and fever less than 101F (37%). In 63% of the patients, either anxiety, restlessness, diaphoresis, or dyspnea was also noted in the 24 hours before discharge. The data suggest that careful physician and nursing scrutiny may identify clinical signs characteristic of pulmonary embolism, and that the de novo appearance of these constellations of findings may help to select candidates for ventilation-perfusion scanning.
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PMID:Clinical findings associated with pulmonary embolism in a rehabilitation setting. 185 63

A case of double aortic arch is reported. The male patient, 11-month-old, had breathed with a constant stridor since his birth and had frequent attacks of respiratory tract infection and dyspnea. The child was admitted because of restlessness, fever, stridor and cough. Dyspnea with cyanosis appeared later, and required intubation and mechanical ventilation. After then, three attempts to extubate the infant were made, but failed. A double aortic arch was suspected by bronchogram, esophagogram, and confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Through a left thoracotomy, the smaller left arch and the ligmentem arteriosum were divided to relieve the obstruction of trachea from the compression of the vascular ring. Postoperative convalescence was normal. Symptoms of double aortic arch vary with the degree of obstruction of the trachea and esophagus, ranging from mild to life-threatening respiratory obstruction and apnea. Inspiratory stridor, dyspnea, and wheezing, which are accentuated with feeding, crying, or respiratory infections, are characteristic clinical findings. The diagnosis is established by aid of an esophagography. Left thoracotomy, with division of the smaller aortic arch, is the only satisfactory treatment.
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PMID:[Double aortic arch: report of one case]. 263 8

Forty asthmatic children were treated either with a combination of salbutamol plus oxatomide (20 cases) or with salbutamol alone (20 cases) for purposes of comparison. Better results were obtained with the combination, which produced an improvement in respiratory function, at the same time preventing dyspnoea attacks. The therapeutic results were very good in 95% of the cases treated. The combination was very well tolerated in 100% of cases, whereas the bronchodilator alone was well tolerated only in 75% of cases, 5 cases showing signs of restlessness, which disappeared on reducing the dose.
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PMID:Treatment of asthma syndromes in pediatric patients using a combination of a beta 2-stimulant drug and a histamine antagonist. 285 55

The effects of eight neuroleptic drugs injected into the cerebral ventricles on behavior, autonomic and motor activity of unanesthetized cats have been studied. Chlorpromazine, trifluorpromazine, droperidol, haloperidol, domperidone and spiperone induced emotional behavior (restlessness, miaowing, rage, attack, defense, fighting with paws, biting), autonomic (mydriasis, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, panting, salivation, defecation, urination, licking, vomiting) and motor (ataxia, muscular weakness, adynamia) phenomena. The main and the most consistent effect was the motor impairment, while the aggression was inconsistent and of moderate intensity. Of the neuroleptic drugs injected, only spiperone, domperidone and trifluorpromazine produced a dose-dependent motor impairment. The autonomic effects were also inconsistent and of low intensity. Metoclopramide induced inconsistent autonomic and motor effects, while sulpiride was devoid of any visible behavioral, autonomic and motor activity. It appears, therefore, that the motor impairment as well as the aggression caused by the neuroleptic drugs is perhaps related to central D-1 rather than to central D-2 dopamine receptors, but an effect on central norepinephrine and on central serotonin receptors cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Behavioral, autonomic and motor effects of neuroleptic drugs in cats: motor impairment and aggression. 286 89

The effect on behavior of eight anticholinergic agents: atropine, scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl, biperiden, homatropine, eucatropine, hexocyclium and propantheline, injected into the cerebral ventricle (ICV) of the cat was investigated and compared. The anticholinergic agents evoked: (1) psychomotor stimulation such as miaowing, loud calling, restlessness, impelling locomotion, jumping, vacant staring, apprehension and loss of interest of the surroundings; (2) aggression, hissing, threat, attack, defense, fighting with paws and flight; (3) autonomic responses including mydriasis, tachypnea, dyspnea, licking, vomiting, salivation, micturition and defection; and (4) motor phenomena comprising scratching, ataxia, rigidity, tremor, weakness with adynamia or myoclonic jerks. Convulsions appeared only after ICV injections of atropine and homatropine. The most characteristic behavioral effect of anticholinergic agents was psychomotor stimulation accompanied by mild aggressive responses. The only exception was propantheline which caused a muscular weakness and adynamia. Atropine and scopolamine alone induced a dose-dependent impelling locomotion as well as fighting behavior. Carbachol and eserine injected intracerebroventricularly reversed the locomotion autonomic and motor phenomena produced by anticholinergic agents administered similarly. It is suggested that anticholinergic agents acting as partial agonists, can produce their behavioral effects through central cholinoceptive sites.
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PMID:Comparative behavioral effects of anticholinergic agents in cats: psychomotor stimulation and aggression. 370 93


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