Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The small number of cases of Aujeszky's disease in goats referred to in the literature is stressed, and an outbreak in goats causing many deaths is reported. The flock of goats concerned was occasionally housed in a barn during the night in which there also were fattening pigs. The first deaths occurred without previous symptoms, the animals being found dead in the morning. In subsequent cases, symptoms were observed which continued for a few or several hours and consisted in agitation, lying down and rising, screaming plaintively, profuse sweating and, in the terminal stage, spasms and paralysis. Pruritus was not observed in any of the animals. Of the fifteen goats which had been housed in the pig-sty, thirteen died during ten days. In the same period, only one out of forty pigs died, and the others showed anorexia and somnolence for a couple of days but soon recovered. In two goats studied, the virus of Aujeszky's disease was isolated from the central nervous system. It is suggested that, in cases of disease or death in ruminants occurring in the proximity of pigs, there should primarily be a strong suspicion of Aujeszky's disease, regardless of the symptoms observed.
 ...
PMID:[Aujeszky's disease in goats (authors transl)]. 19 54

In the course of treatment by Dr. H.L. Wen's technique of acupuncture for the withdrawal symptoms of various drugs, it was noted that there was a relief of neurotic symptoms, tension, restlessness and depression. Therefore, this treatment was used on neurotic patients. Forty patients ranging in age from 22 to 61 years were treated. Case reports are given on four patients. The degree of relief from neurotic symptoms was most marked in symptoms of restlessness, tension, mental and physical fatigue, loss of appetite and irritability, in that order. Obsessional symptoms showed a poor response. It is concluded that electro-acupuncture is useful in the treatment of neurotic symptoms, that it is cheaper and safer than other methods of treatment in use at this time, and that it is a useful adjunct in the treatment of psychoneurosis.
 ...
PMID:Electro-acupuncture treatment in psychiatry. 30 May 61

A survey by questionnaire of all senior psychiatrists in the Wessex Region showed that they considered depressive psychosis to be the major indication for electric convulsion therapy (ECT). A good clinical response was thought to be predicted by the presence of psychomotor retardation, depressive delusions, depressed mood, early morning wakening, diurnal variation, loss of appetite, and agitation. ECT was judged to be extremely useful for treating mania and acute undifferentiated, catatonic, and paranoid schizophrenia; of some use in hypochondriasis; but of little value or contraindicated when there was severe, depersonalisation, or hysterical symptoms. Only 40% of the psychiatrists favoured unilateral ECT, and the variation in electrode placements used by different psychiatrists was surprising. Eighty per cent of the respondents used courses averaging six to eight treatments given over two or three weeks. Results obtained in this study, based on clinical judgment, differed from research findings, which emphasises the need for further study of this important treatment.
 ...
PMID:Indications for electric convulsion therapy and its use by senior psychiatrists. 44 94

The treatment of obesity is one of the major measures available today in the field of preventive medicine. In particular, the coronary epidemic of Western civilisation would be halted, and most cases of maturity-onset diabetes prevented, if obesity were to be treated effectively. Anorectic drugs act mainly on the satiety centre in the hypothalamus to produce anorexia. They also have various metabolic effects involving fat and carbohydrate metabolism, but many of these may be secondary to loss of weight. Most of the drugs are related directly or indirectly to amphetamine and in addition act by increasing general physical activity. Anorectic drugs tend to lose their effect after some months, and part of this reduction in effect may be due to chemical alterations produced by the drugs in the brain. All the drugs, with the exception of fenfluramine, have a stimulant effect on the central nervous system in some individuals, resulting in restlessness and nervousness, irritability and insomnia. Fenfluramine commonly produces drowsiness in normal doses, but has stimulant effects with overdosage. Dexamphetamine, phenmetrazine and benzphetamine all tend to cause euphoria and the risk of addiction is therefore considerable. Euphoria occasionally occurs with diethylpropion, phentermine and chlorphentermine, but to a much lesser extent. Side-effects also occur due to sympathetic stimulation and gastro-intestinal irritation. These side-effects may cause some individuals to stop taking the drug, but are never serious or dangerous. Drug interactions may occur with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and to a clinically unimportant extent, with antihypertensive drugs. The anorectic drugs have a very definite part to play in the treatment of obesity, mainly for those individuals who have altered their eating habits but have come to a plateau of weight which they find difficult to get below. The drugs are best given in a long-acting form and can safely be continued as long as weight loss persists, provided that the clinician exercises careful supervision. Dexamphetamine, phenmetrazine and benzphetamine should rarely be used because of the danger of addiction, and chlorphentermine is potentially hazardous for long-term use. Diethylpropion emerges as the drug of first choice, as fenfluramine has a tendency to cause depression and has a higher incidence of side-effects. Fenfluramine is mainly useful for people who are especially tense and for obese maturity-onset diabetics who have been unable to lose weight with the biguanides. Mazindol and phentermine appear to be useful as alternative drugs.
 ...
PMID:Anorectic drugs: use in general practice. 78 35

The author reports on 86 cases of protracted disorders - without significant changed consciousness - which he named dysthymia. The clinical manifestations were characterized by peculiar emotional disorders, polymorphous autonomic and vascular shifts. These states occurred in the majority of cases after some somatic diseases in conjunction with other physical or psychological stresses in individuals with anxiety traits and 'neurocirculatory asthenia'. The first phase of the disease was accompanied by anxiety, restlessness, autonomic and vascular paroxysms, anorexia, insomnia and disturbances of other physiological functions. Subsequently dysphoric mood, somatic concerns, pseudoneurotic and neurotic syndromes appeared. The outcome of the disorders was either with slow practical recovery or with a relatively stable personality change in the form of weakened volition, a reduction of energy, and a narrowing of the 'zone of comfort' due to the impairment of homeostatic functions. Often hypochondriasis could develop on the background of such features. Dysthymia is viewed as a special entity which must not be included either in the group of neuroses or in the group of typical organic brain syndromes, or in the group of endogenous psychoses.
 ...
PMID:Dysthymia: an atypical protracted depression. A preliminary report. 105 93

The behaviour of some urinary metabolites of tryptophan/nicotinic acid pathway was studied in 7 patients with Parkinson's disease during a 24-day period of levodopa treatment. Corresponding to the appearance of side-effects (agitation, anorexia, dysphagia, glossitis, abdominal pains) in 5 patients there was an increase in urinary Ky, AA, AAG, o-AHA, and 3-HK, while 3-HAA excretion fell. Since no other drugs were given, it was presumed that this effect was due to levodopa administration.
 ...
PMID:Tryptophan/nicotinic acid pathway during levodopa treatment of Parkinsonism. 124 93

Self-injury is common in mentally retarded persons and often unresponsive to pharmacotherapy. Based on the assumption that this maladaptive behavior may be related to central nervous system serotonergic imbalance or dysfunction, an open trial with a serotonin uptake inhibitor was conducted. Twenty-one severely to profoundly mentally retarded persons with aggression and self-injurious behavior were treated with 20-40 mg of fluoxetine daily. Marked improvement occurred in 13 patients, moderate in 4, mild in 2, and no improvement in 2 patients treated for a minimum of 3 months. Positive changes occurred in the areas of self-injury, agitation, emotional lability, and aggression. Only one patient required discontinuation of the medication because of anorexia and weight loss; all other patients tolerated the drug without any significant side effects. All were concurrently taking other psychotropic medications, and no adverse drug interactions were noted. Future trials will focus on more homogeneous patient samples and on the therapeutic interactions between concurrently administered psychotropic medications.
 ...
PMID:Effect of fluoxetine on self-injurious behavior in the developmentally disabled: a preliminary study. 155 36

Health professionals should not be forcing the terminal patient into preestablished stages, but rather should take into account the actual experiences of the individual. The purpose of this study was to identify the defining characteristics of the dying process within the terminal phase. A retrospective audit of 11 deceased clients' charts from a hospice program was conducted. Each client had been diagnosed with terminal cancer. Defining characteristics of the process of dying were delineated and organized into groups of subjective and objective phenomena. These included anorexia, absence of pain, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, respiratory status, withdrawal of self, secretions, mental status, urinary output, restlessness, bowel sounds, blood pressure, internal temperature, skin temperature, skin color, edema, and diaphoresis. Although the sample size was small, these findings confirmed that the dying process for terminal cancer patients was an individualized experience. Additional research is needed to build on this framework.
 ...
PMID:Process of dying. Defining characteristics. 176 Aug 4

A new antidepressant Fluoxetine, a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, was tried on 26 resistant depressed patients. There were four drop out due to severe side effects. Improvement was noticeable soon after the first week and was maximum within 3 weeks of medication in 14 (63.6%) patients while in 8 (36.4%) patients it was as late as 6-12 weeks. The decline in improvement after three weeks in 7(31.8%) patients, needs attention in future studies. Bradycardia in 2 patients above the age of sixty indicate that the drug should be used with caution in elderly. GIT disturbance, insomnia, anorexia, restlessness and lethargy were common side effects. A well planned double blind study is recommended before its place is assigned in our patient population.
 ...
PMID:Early experience with fluoxetine. 176 70

Fifty-eight patients undergoing restorative dental treatment at Guy's Hospital had been previously allocated on the basis of clinical assessment, including that of their dental anxiety, to treatment under local anaesthetic alone or in combination with i.v. midazolam or inhalation nitrous oxide. They were tested before and after dental treatment to determine their memory of dental procedures and changes in mood and bodily symptoms. The patients allocated to the midazolam treatment had significantly higher pre-treatment scores on the Bond & Lader mood factors of "anxiety" and "discontent". All the groups showed significant pre- to post-treatment reductions in sweating, palpitations, restlessness, dry mouth, muscular tension, nausea, loss of appetite and upset stomach and the extent of these reductions were not different for the different treatments. Midazolam treatment resulted in significantly greater reductions in self-ratings of bodily symptoms of anxiety, shaking and trembling compared with the control (local anaesthetic) group. Nitrous oxide resulted in a significant reduction in irritability, compared with controls. Both midazolam and nitrous oxide significantly reduced the patients' memory of the dental procedures and the impairments in memory were independent of any changes in anxiety or sedation. Of the items remembered there were no differences between the groups in their ratings of how well explained, how pleasant or unpleasant, or how painful the procedures were.
 ...
PMID:Amnesia for dental procedures and mood change following treatment with nitrous oxide or midazolam. 180 23


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>