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Query: UMLS:C0085631 (agitation)
 12,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) have been prepared in situ in beads and microspheres. This study examines the preparation of suitable chitosan-alginate coacervates for casting into homogeneous PEC films for potential applications in packaging, controlled release systems and wound dressings. Coacervation between chitosan and alginate was rapid, but the rate may be controlled with the addition of water miscible organic solvents. Compared with ethanol and PEG200, acetone was the more promising solvent moderator. Suspensions of fine, uniformly dispersed coacervates were produced by a dropwise addition of 0.25% w/v chitosan solution (solvent: 1: 1 v/v of 2% acetic acid and acetone) into 0.25% w/v sodium alginate solution in water under rapid agitation. The PEC films were transparent and flexible. They exhibited high permeability to water vapor, but resisted complete dissolution in 0.1 M HCI, distilled water and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution. Microscopic heterogeneity in the films could be reduced by immersion in aqueous media, but this was accompanied by modifications in the thickness, permeability and mechanical property of the films.
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PMID:PEC films prepared from Chitosan-Alginate coacervates. 1092 20

The present study evaluated the intravenous self-administration of four substituted phenethylamines, using a substitution procedure in baboons. Baboons were trained to self-inject 0.32mg/kg/injection cocaine under a fixed-ration (FR) schedule, with a 3h timeout following each injection. Doses of (+/-)-N-ethyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine HCI (MDE), (+/-)-N-hydroxy-3, 4-methylendioxyamphetamine HCI (N-OH-MDA), (+)-N-N-dimethylamphetamine HCI (NNDMA), and 4-bromo-2,5-dimethyoxy-beta-phenethylamine (BDMPEA) and their vehicles were substituted for cocaine for 15 or more successive days. High doses of MDE and N-OH-MDA maintained self-injection; however, NNDMA and BDMPEA self-injection was less consistent. NNDMA did not reliably maintain self-injection, whereas one or more doses of BDMPEA maintained self-injection in each of three baboons. Intermediate to high doses of all four compounds decreased food pellet intake maintained under a FR schedule of reinforcement on a different lever. In some baboons, high doses of N-OH-MDA, NNDMA and BDMPEA produced signs of behavioral toxicity (e.g. cyclic pattern of self-injection, behavioral agitation, stereotypical movements) that were similar to those previously observed after administration of high doses of classic psychomotor stimulants such as d-amphetamine; however, the severity and profile of this behavioral toxicity differed between compounds. Thus, the present study documents both similarities and differences in the behavioral profiles of these four phenethylamines.
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PMID:Intravenous self-injection of four novel phenethylamines in baboons. 1122 24

A method for determining oxytetracycline (OTC) in animal feed, fish feed, and veterinary medicinal products at medicated use and contamination levels was collaboratively studied. The method is applicable to the analysis of animal feeds and mineral premixes containing levels > or =2 mg/kg, and fish feed containing levels > or =10 mg/kg. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC.HCI) is extracted from ground feed material in acid-methanol solution using mechanical agitation. After centrifugation for 5 min at 1230 x g, an aliquot of the extract is diluted with water andlor acid-methanol so that the concentration of OTC.HCI is approximately the same as that in the working standard, and the solutions contain at least 50% water. Injectable veterinary medicinal materials (also called animal remedy materials) are diluted with water andlor extractant to reach the target concentration. The extracts are filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection with excitation at 390 nm and emission at 512 nm. Twenty-eight test samples of medicated feeds, supplements, and drug premixes, including 4 test samples for trace-level analysis, were sent to 17 collaborators in Canada, The Netherlands, and the United States. Results were received from 11 laboratories. The RSDr values (within-laboratory repeatability) ranged from 1.26 to 9.21%; RSDR values (among-laboratory reproducibility) ranged from 2.14 to 12.9%, and HorRat values ranged from 0.54 to 3.02. It is recommended that this method be adopted AOAC Official First Action.
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PMID:Determination of oxytetracycline/oxytetracycline hydrochloride in animal feed, fish feed, and veterinary medicinal products by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: collaborative study. 1938 57

Under the optimal experimental conditions of three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (3p-HFLPME), the behaviors of hydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs) were investigated. The correlation between the enrichment factor (EF) of HBAs and their n-heptanol/water conditional distribution coefficients (log P(n-heptanol/5 mmol/L) HCl), pK(a) mmol/L HCI ), and the number of -OH (N); the extraction mechanism that polyvinylidene difluoride hollow fiber contributed to promote the extraction efficiency by forming charge transfer compound with HBAs and the organic solvents showed notable selectivity for HBAs were elucidated. The optimal 3p-HFLPME conditions were: MOF 503 polyvinylidene difluoride hollow fiber as organic solvent supporter, n-heptanol as organic phase, 5 mmol/L HCl in the donor phase and 80 mmol/L NH3 x H2O as the acceptor phase, the HBAs were extracted for 35 min under an agitation of 1 200 r/min. It was found that the relative standard deviations were lower than 3%, the detection limits were 0.09-30.00 microg/L, the average recoveries of HBAs in Calyx Kaki were 93.3%-107.1% and the EF of HBAs at 5 mg/L was up to 107.6 fold.
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PMID:[Application of three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction for analysis of hydroxybenzoic acids]. 2035 29