Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085593 (chills)
 4,268 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to compare the toxicity, immunomodulatory changes, and antitumor efficacy of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell therapy with two durations of IL-2 infusion. Patients with progressive melanoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, renal carcinoma, or colon carcinoma received IL-2 at 3 X 10(6) units/m2/day on days 1-5 and 13-17, either by bolus injection every 8 h (q8h) or by continuous i.v. (CIV) administration. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were harvested by leukapheresis on days 8, 9, and 10, were incubated in vitro for 5 days for generation of LAK cells, and were infused on days 13, 14, and 15. The first 11 patients were treated with IL-2 q8h, and the subsequent 13 patients were treated by CIV infusion. Toxicity consisted primarily of fever, chills, emesis, diarrhea, weight gain, and edema but did not require intensive care unit support and did not differ significantly between treatment groups. IL-2-induced lymphocytosis on day 8 was higher with CIV than with q8h administration with a mean lymphocyte count/microliter of 5610 +/- 700 (SE) versus 3300 +/- 500. Immunomodulatory changes observed on days 8 and 20 were also greater with CIV IL-2 and included an increase in peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-2 receptor expression as well as a marked rise in the number of Leu-11+ and Leu-19+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The total leukapheresis yield per patient and total number of LAK cells infused per patient were higher with CIV than q8h administration, with 49.8 +/- 4.9 X 10(9) versus 39.4 +/- 5.4 X 10(9) and 42.6 +/- 5.0 X 10(9) versus 34.0 +/- 5.4 X 10(9), respectively. The cells infused displayed phenotypic evidence of activation and exhibited marked lytic reactivity to Daudi, Raji, and HT-144 targets. One complete and one minimal response were observed in 2 of 8 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received CIV IL-2 and LAK cells. The results show that IL-2 is more biologically active by CIV than q8h administration, as demonstrated by greater rebound lymphocytosis, LAK cell yield, and in vivo immunostimulation.
 ...
PMID:Influence of schedule of interleukin 2 administration on therapy with interleukin 2 and lymphokine activated killer cells. 278 43

Lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells) were induced from lymphocytes from patients with malignant glioma by using interleukin 2 (IL-2), and their killing activity was examined. Their LAK activity against Daudi cells was 66.2 +/- 13.1% and 48.7 +/- 12.7% against self glioma cells, 54.4 +/- 10.1% against K562 cells, 43.1 +/- 7.9% against Raji cells, and 33.5 +/- 16.2% against allogeneic glioma cells. The phenotype of these LAK cells was Leu 1 (++), 2a (+/-), 3a (++), 7 (+), and 11 (++). The phenotype of precursor LAK cells, on the other hand, was Leu 1 (-), 2a (-), 3a (+), 7 (-), and 11 (++). Other activated killer cells, including LAK cells, phytohemagglutinin-activated killer cells, autoactivated killer cells, and their precursor LAK cells, were studied serologically in order to identify their phenotypic characteristics. From these data, the LAK cell populations were considered to be polyclonal. Using these LAK cells plus IL-2, local adoptive immunotherapy was undertaken in 23 patients with recurrent malignant glioma. We injected, that is, autologous LAK cells plus IL-2 directly into the cavities of the brain tumors; 1.2 to 324 x 10(8) LAK cells per ml and 0.8 to 5.4 x 10(3) units of IL-2 were directly injected into the brain tumor by using an Ommaya reservoir. Definite tumor regression, improvement of some clinical symptoms, and continuous remission over 6 mo or more were observed in six, nine, and three patients, respectively. There were no marked side effects, except for slight fever and chill, in eight and three patients, respectively. These results suggested the possibility of induction of a sufficient number of LAK cells from the lymphocytes of the patients with recurrent malignant glioma, indicating that local adoptive immunotherapy by direct injections of LAK cells and IL-2 into the brain tumor will prove to be an effective means of immunotherapy. Additional follow-up of the patients will be required before its therapeutic value can be established.
 ...
PMID:Local administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin 2 to patients with malignant brain tumors. 326 31