Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085593 (chills)
 4,268 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells were injured by chilling and heating, and their recovery was tested in glucose-salt-Teepol broth (GSTB), tryptic soy broth containing 7% NaCl (TSBS), Horie - arabinose - ethyl violet broth (HAEB), and water blue - alizarin yellow broth (WBAY). Exponential phase cells were more sensitive to cold shock than were stationary phase cells. Exposure of chill-injured V. parahaemolyticus to GSTB and TSBS resulted in 70 to 80% death; about 70% lethality was noted for heat-injured cells inoculated into TSBS. Neither HAEB nor WBAY enrichment media were lethal to stressed cells, although rates of growth were retarded. The 3% NaCl in 0.1 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.0) diluent proved to be most suitable for protecting against inactivation of cold- and heat-injured cells.
 ...
PMID:Suitability of some enrichment broths and diluents for enumerating cold- and heat-stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 1 61

Between July 24 and Aug. 19, 1974, an outbreak of pyrogenic reactions occurred in patients at a private haemodialysis centre in a suburb of Washington, D.C. 49 reactions characterised by chills, fever, and hypotension occurred in twenty-three of the seventy patients dialysed during this period. No infections could be documented in any of the affected individuals. Despite the fact that only low levels of gram-negative bacterial contamination of the haemodialysis system were found, high levels of endotoxin contamination of dialysis fluid and endotoxaemia in patients experiencing overt reactions were recorded using the Limulus lysate test. The cause of these reactions was traced to an increase in endotoxin contamination of the tap water used to prepare dialysate, possibly caused by an increase in the algae levels in the local water source. The installation of a reverse osmosis system for water treatment may be a solution to the problem of endotoxin contamination of water used to prepare dialysis fluid.
 ...
PMID:Pyrogenic reactions during haemodialysis caused by extramural endotoxin. 5 69

A syndrome of headache, chills, sweating, nausea, and exhaustion during and after haemodialysis is described and likened to metal fume fever. A patient has been cured of this syndrome following removal of copper-containing parts from the water-path of her home dialysis system.
 ...
PMID:Haemodialysis and copper fever. 5 13

An outbreak of repeated chills, fever, respiratory-tract symptoms, and muscle pain, starting 4 h after a hot bath, involved 56 persons, nearly all of whom lived in an area supplied with water from the same source. The symptoms lasted for 6--15 h. A polymorphonuclear leucocytosis was a feature of the illness. The causal agent, which has not yet been identified, was found to enter the body by inhalation. Bacteriological and chemical studies and investigation of the water for endotoxins and algae revealed nothing unusual.
 ...
PMID:Unexplained acute fever after a hot bath. 7 98

At birth in late December the polar bear is small (700 g), uninsulated, and helpless. It probably has a modest capacity for metabolic heat production and depends on the female and a snow den in which it is born for thermal protection. The microclimate of an artificial polar bear den was investigated at Point Barrow, AK, and the temperature therein found to stay around 0 degrees C provided a heat source (200 W) equivalent to an adult polar bear was introduced. When the bears desert the den in early April the cub has grown to about 10 kg and has a well-developed fur insulation, but almost no subcutaneous fat. The cub has a high resting metabolic rate (4.6 W.kg-1), which is supported by the fat polar bear milk. Its lower critical temperature is about -30 degrees C, and an ambient temperature of -45 degrees C results in only a 33% increase in metabolism. The cub can tolerate a wind chill of 2.3 kW.m2 without apparent stress of drop in rectal temperature. If the cub is immersed in ice water rectal temperature drops 11 degrees C in 30 min. It is concluded that the cub can tolerate extremely low temperatures in air due to fur insulation and high metabolic heat production, but is unable to cope with the chill of ice water for any prolonged period of time.
 ...
PMID:Modes of thermal protection in polar bear cubs--at birth and on emergence from the den. 43 89

Daily saunas taken by a young man were followed by fever, chills, malaise, dyspnea, cough, and myalgia from six to eight hours later. Symptoms, which were related to pouring water from a sauna bucket over the heating element, progressed to chronic dyspnea and fatigue. Serial serum samples showed precipitin reactions to bucket water and extracts of bucket mold. IgG antibody activity, demonstrated by radioimmunoassay, suggested that Pullularia was a major antigen.
 ...
PMID:Sauna-takers disease. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to contaminated water in a home sauna. 98 16

In June and September 1988, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service sampled raw chicken carcasses at a federally inspected slaughter establishment in Puerto Rico to determine the effects of changing the scalding equipment on bacterial contents of raw poultry products. The scalding equipment was changed to a countercurrent configuration, with a postscald hot-water rinse cabinet that sprayed carcasses as they exited the scalder. Analysis of 250 carcass-rinse samples collected at preevisceration, prechill, and postchill sites over 7 days indicated that carcasses had mean aerobe plate counts of log(10)3.73 before evisceration, 3.18 before chilling, and 2.87 after chilling; Enterobacteriaceae counts of log(10)2.70 before evisceration, 2.25 before chilling, and 1.56 after chilling; and Escherichia coli counts of log(10)2.09 before evisceration, 1.61 before chilling, and 0.89 after chilling. Salmonellae were found on 24% of the carcasses before evisceration, on 28% before chilling, and on 49% after chilling. Although bacterial count reductions were significant at all 3 sites, the proportion of carcasses contaminated with salmonellae in this study was higher at the postchill than prechill site (49 vs 28%). This no doubt was caused by cross-contamination in the chiller. These percentages indicated that although simple scalder changes contributed substantially to the improvement of the bacterial quality of chicken carcasses, additional interventions in the chilling process (such as chlorination of chill water) are important to control cross-contamination and to preserve the positive effects obtained by the scalder changes.
 ...
PMID:Effects of countercurrent scalding and postscald spray on the bacteriologic profile of raw chicken carcasses. 139 71

In March 1989, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service sampled raw chicken carcasses and giblets at a federally inspected slaughter establishment in Puerto Rico to determine the effects of adding chlorine to carcass and giblet chill water on bacterial contents of raw poultry products. Over four 8-hour workdays, 200 carcass rinse samples were collected at 3 sites in the establishment; 39 giblet rinse samples were collected at 1 site. Analyses of the carcass rinse samples indicated that carcasses had average aerobe plate counts of log10 3.20 before chilling and 2.51 after chilling; Enterobacteriaceae counts of log10 2.57 before chilling and 1.75 after chilling; and Escherichia coli counts of log10 2.04 before chilling and 1.20 after chilling. Salmonellae were found on 43% of the carcasses before chilling and on 46% after chilling. Analyses of the giblet and neck rinse samples indicated that raw giblets and necks after chilling had average aerobe plate count of log10 3.49, Enterobacteriaceae count of log10 2.57, and E coli count of log10 1.06. Salmonellae were found on 12% of the giblets and necks sampled. Results compared favorably with giblet and neck rinse sample results obtained during a baseline sampling study in November and December 1987. The baseline results indicated aerobe plate count of log10 3.72; Enterobacteriaceae count of log10 2.90; E coli count of log10 1.14; and salmonellae on 69% of the giblets and necks sampled. Placing raw chicken carcasses in chlorinated chill water reduced aerobe, Enterobacteriaceae, and E coli plate counts. Prevalence of carcasses with salmonellae remained nearly the same.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of chlorination of chill water on the bacteriologic profile of raw chicken carcasses and giblets. 153 92

The pathogenesis of freezing cold injuries (FCI) is not yet entirely understood. Two possible hypothesis emerge: 1) Injury is a direct result of cryogenic insult to the cells. 2) Injury is secondary to vascular stasis which leads to anoxia. In clinical congelatio ice crystallization takes place in the EC-space. When water is transformed into ice, the osmolality in this compartment will increase leading to a passive diffusion of water from the IC-space. Cell dehydration modifies protein structure, alters membrane lipids and cellular pH leading to destructions incompatible with cell survival. Cold induces vasoconstriction of both arterioles and venules, which enhances peripheral filtration and raises plasma viscosity. The stability of red corpuscle aggregates increases and showers of emboli course microvessels. Finally progressive thrombosis will end up in anoxia. The indirect vascular effect has earlier been interpreted similar to that found in non-freezing injuries. Recent studies have, however, shown, that endothelial cells are very sensitive to freezing. The rheologic part of the pathogenesis therefore also seems to depend on a direct injury to cells. The development of FCI does not always depend on ambient temperature and duration of exposure but more to the heat loss subjected to exposed skin. Wind chill, humidity and wetness are all of significance in this matter. From a clinical point of view FCI are best subdivided into superficial and deep injuries. The superficial frostbite is limited to the skin and nearest subcutaneous tissue. A stringing, pinching pain is often the first symptom. The affected area becomes pale or waxy-white and numb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Freezing cold injury. 181 85

Two broiler trials were conducted to investigate the effect on post-mortem carcass and meat quality of NaHCO3 and KCl drinking water supplementation under thermoneutral and cyclic heat-stress climatic conditions. Water chill carcass weight change, water- and oven-cooked breast filled yields, and breast meat tenderness were measured. In Trial 1, neither environmental regimen, nor water treatments, nor their interaction was a significant (P less than .05) source of variation for the parameters measured. In Trial 2, environmental regimen was a highly significant (P less than .01) source of variability for chilled carcass weight change; the cyclic heat-stressed broiler carcasses gained more weight than the thermoneutral (control) broiler carcasses during ice-water chilling. Oven-cooked fillet yield was significantly (P less than .05) affected by environmental regimen; fillets from cyclic heat-stressed broilers had lower yields than thermoneutral (control) broiler fillets. Drinking water treatments were a significant (P less than .05) source of variation for breast meat tenderness in Trial 2. Broilers given .5% NaHCO3 from 5 to 8 wk of age had higher shear resistance values than broilers given a combination of .5% NaHCO3 and .5% KCl or tap water-fed controls. Breast meat shear values were negatively correlated (P less than .05) with 8-wk broiler body weight and 5- to 8-wk gain.
 ...
PMID:Effects of sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride drinking water supplementation. 2. Meat and carcass characteristics of broilers grown under thermoneutral and cyclic heat-stress conditions. 185 Jan 30


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>