Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085593 (chills)
 4,268 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neonatal and adult keratinocytes isolated from thin sections of split-thickness skin by trypsin-release show a preferential and strong attachment to collagen when compared to plastic, fibronectin-coated plastic, glass, or agar gels. We have investigated the reactive groups of keratinocytes and collagen required for this interaction and have determined the kinetics of attachment. At 37 degrees C both neonatal and adult keratinocytes show a rapid and irreversible attachment to collagen, reaching a plateau phase at 30-60 minutes. The cells cannot be replaced from the gel by extensive washing or by conditions normally expected to break ionic bonds. Chilling to 0 degree C before plating completely inhibits attachment, and heating at 37 degrees C reverses the inhibition. One cycle of freezing and thawing of cells inhibits the interaction. Removal of sialic residues from keratinocytes before plating with neuraminidase, or oxidation of sugars with periodate, does not inhibit attachment or growth, indicating that cell carbohydrates are not required for interaction with collagen. Neither denaturation of collagen with 8 M urea nor oxidation of sugar side chains on the gel with periodic acid affects attachment or growth. However, reaction of free-SH groups with iodoacetic acid or -NH2 groups with dinitrofluorobenzene of the gel completely inhibits growth. Blocking the guanidyl residues of collagen arginine with cyclohexanedione markedly alters all aspects of attachment, growth, and morphology, producing new and completely unique growth patterns. These studies indicate that specific chemical groups on collagen affect keratinocyte-matrix interactions and that the availability of specific residues in collagen directly influences growth and maturation. Most vertebrate cells remain closely associated with extracellular collagenous substances throughout their lifespan. The collagen may be present in both collagen fibers and in reticular fibers as well as in basement membranes. The way cells interact with and are anchored to these various substrata influences a number of important cellular functions including growth and maturation and the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. Skin epithelial cells display a particularly striking and strong dependence on collagen for growth. When plated on a collagen gel, the plating efficiency and growth is increased several-fold compared to other substrates such as glass, plastic, or agar. More recently, the initial observations on the selective attachment of keratinocytes to collagen gels have been extended by Murray et al., who demonstrated that guinea pig keratinocytes show increased plating efficiencies on Type IV collagen gels. In these studies, we have examined the mechanisms for keratinocyte-collagen interaction, and described the kinetics of attachment, the reactive sites on the cell and collagen, and the effects of chemical modification of collagen on the expression of the keratinocytes phenotype.
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PMID:Effect of chemical modification of keratinocytes and collagen in keratinocyte-collagen interactions. 723 89

Introduction: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared a public health emergency worldwide. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize the clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics of hospitalized patients presenting with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a structured search using PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science to collect both case reports and case series on COVID-19 published up to April 24, 2020. There were no restrictions regarding publication language. Results: Eighty articles were included analyzing a total of 417 patients with a mean age of 48 years. The most common presenting symptom in patients who tested positive for COVID-19 was fever, reported in up to 62% of patients from 82% of the analyzed studies. Other symptoms including rhinorrhea, dizziness, and chills were less frequently reported. Additionally, in studies that reported C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements, a large majority of patients displayed an elevated CRP (60%). Progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most common complication of patients testing positive for COVID-19 (21%). CT images displayed ground-glass opacification (GGO) patterns (80%) as well as bilateral lung involvement (69%). The most commonly used antiviral treatment modalities included, lopinavir (HIV protease inhibitor), arbidiol hydrochloride (influenza fusion inhibitor), and oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitor). Conclusions: Development of ARDS may play a role in estimating disease progression and mortality risk. Early detection of elevations in serum CRP, combined with a clinical COVID-19 symptom presentation may be used as a surrogate marker for the presence and severity of the disease. There is a paucity of data surrounding the efficacy of treatments. There is currently not a well-established gold standard therapy for the treatment of diagnosed COVID-19. Further prospective investigations are necessary.
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PMID:Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series. 3257 28