Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085593 (chills)
 4,268 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new method for concentrated ascitic fluid reinfusion using a double ultrafiltration device is reported as 22 procedures in 20 cirrhotic patients (6 females, 14 males; median age 55 years, range 33-69) with tense, refractory ascites. Eight of the 20 patients had elevated creatinine levels. The mean time for each procedure was 189 +/- 82 min, during which a mean of 7.7 liters (1.3-13.3) of ultrafiltered ascitic fluid was removed and 613 ml (140-1700) of concentrated ascitic fluid rich in albumin (mean: 60 g, range 14-175) was reinfused. The procedure resulted in a mean weight loss of 8.1 kg (2.2-14.0) and a mean increase of 163 ml in urine output (24 hr). A reduction in the serum creatinine level (P < 0.05) and an increase in the plasma atrial natriuretic factor level (P < 0.02) 24 hr after reinfusion, while no changes in serum albumin, plasma and urinary electrolytes, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone levels were noted. Although minor evidence for a disturbance in coagulation was observed, there were no episodes of clinical bleeding. Four patients (20%) had transient chills or fever. Based upon this experience, it can be concluded that reinfusion of cascade filtered and concentrated ascitic fluid is a rapid, safe, and effective treatment for patients with tense ascites; it appears to have less side effects than more traditional methods and importantly does not require administration of heterologous plasma derivatives.
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PMID:Concentrated ascitic fluid reinfusion after cascade filtration in tense ascites. 848 89

Although, total paracentesis associated with human albumin substitution has shown to be a rapid, effective and safe treatment of diuretic refractory ascites in advanced liver cirrhosis, it implies high costs and has a limited availability. Therefore an alternative procedure the reinfusion of concentrated ascites has gained popularity in recent years (Smart et al. 1990; Grazioto et al. 1997). It was the aim of the study to compare human albumin substitution vs. reinfusion of ascitic-ultrafiltrate after total paracentesis. 35 patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites received total paracentesis associated with either human albumin (5-8 g/l ascites) (= group A) or reinfusion of an ascitic-ultrafiltrate fluid by means of hemofiltration technique (= group B). The mean volume of ascites removed was 9.41 (2.1-20.0) in group A and 11.41 (6.5-21.0) in group B. No significant differences in serum electrolytes, liver and renal function, coagulation profiles and hormones of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were observed during hospitalization. In both groups sodium excretion increased significantly. 43% of the patients in group B developed pyrexia and chill after reinfusion of the ascitic-ultrafiltrate fluid. In one patient an anaphylactic bronchospasm occurred requiring IUC-treatment. The treatment cost in case of human albumin were 326.-DM vs. 290.-DM for each patient treated with ascitic-ultrafiltrate fluid reinfusion. The probabilities of hospital readmission and survival were similar in both groups during follow-up. The results indicate that i.v. infusion of ascitic-ultrafiltrate fluid is as effective as total paracentesis and albumin infusion in case of diuretic refractory ascites. However, according to the costs of instruments and staff and due to the significant allergic reactions caused by ascitic fluid it cannot be considered as a real alternative to albumin substitution.
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PMID:Prospective study comparing human albumin vs. reinfusion of ultrafiltrate-ascitic fluid after total paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites. 1121 66

The paper describes symptoms of mixed depressive and anxiety disorder (ICD-10). The study was carried out in three medical dispensaries: two psychiatric (42 persons) and one primary care (62 persons). Patients with or without anxiety and depressive symptoms were included. Exclusion criteria was: psychoactive substance abuse, physical diseases affecting mental state, and mental disorders other than anxiety or mood disorders. A total of 104 patients (65 women and 39 men in mean age of 41.1 years) were inquired with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and diagnostic questionnaire based on Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, Version 2.0. There was no pattern of symptoms specific for mixed disorder that could be a basis for operational criteria. The most frequent were symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), depression and dysthymia. The most specific symptoms, selected using discriminant analysis were: (1) difficulty in concentrating, (2) feeling mentally tense, (3) feeling of hopelessness or despair, (4) shortening of breath, (5) lowered mood, (6) feeling dizzy, unsteady, faint, or light headed; (7) early waking up, (8) nightmares, (9) dry mouth, (10) hot flushes or cold chills, (11) frequent tearfulness. The results contribute to the concept that mixed depression and anxiety disorder is closely related to generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).
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PMID:[Symptoms profile of mixed anxiety and depressive disorder]. 1184 6

Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa Korth., is a tropical plant prevalent in Southeast Asia, and it is utilized as a traditional remedy for symptomatic relief of various illnesses. It has been labeled as an atypical opioid with significant narcotic-like properties, capable of inducing kratom dependence among those who misuse or abuse it. The prevalence of kratom use has drastically increased worldwide, raising concerns among healthcare providers, particularly regarding the availability of efficacious treatment options for kratom dependence. This manuscript provides a comprehensive narrative review of literature focusing on the psychoactive alkaloids of kratom, the possible neurobiological and pathophysiological models underlying the occurrence of kratom dependence, and the clinical presentations and effective treatment options available for kratom dependence. The psychoactive alkaloids of kratom, such as mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG), act as partial mu opioid agonists and induce kratom dependence. As a result, regular kratom use leads to withdrawal symptoms on abstinence, along with craving, tolerance, and cross-tolerance to morphine. The psychological withdrawal symptoms reported include depressed mood, anxiety, restlessness, irritability, and feeling tense, while the physical withdrawal symptoms are myalgia and body ache, joint pain, lacrimation, running nose, yawning, insomnia, diarrhea, feverish sensation, loss of appetite, tremors, itching over the body, loss of concentration, and chills. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms, such as oral intolerance, restlessness, irritability, and vomiting, are also reported in newborns of women who are on regular kratom use. Sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (Suboxone) is reported as a promising treatment for detoxification and maintenance replacement therapy for kratom-dependent users. Alternative treatments for in-patient detoxification include intravenous clonidine and a combination of oral dihydrocodeine and lofexidine. We conclude by adding a note on the research gap concerning kratom dependence, which future studies should focus on.
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PMID:Kratom Dependence and Treatment Options: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. 3268 71