Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085593 (chills)
 4,268 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase II evaluation of anguidine was carried out in 30 patients with advanced refractory breast cancer. A dose of 5.0 mg/m2 daily for 5 days was explored. The main toxic effects were nausea and vomiting, fever and chills, hypotension, skin erythema, somnolence, confusion, and lethargy. Myelosuppression was minimal. Among these extensively pretreated patients, there was one partial responder and one additional patient who showed improvement (less than a partial response); both responses occurred in soft tissue sites.
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PMID:Phase II study of anguidine in advanced breast cancer. 45 16

Twenty-two patients with cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma were treated with intralesional injections of the methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER). The local reaction consisted of erythema and pustule formation followed by ulceration and tumor necrosis. Side effects included fever, chills, headache and malaise in the majority of patients; nausea, vomiting, cyanosis and hypotension occurred infrequently. Hypersensitivity reactions were not observed. Temporary abnormalities in liver function were seen in 11 of 19 patients tested. Reversible lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia developed in 7 of 17 and 7 of 18 patients, respectively. Immune function, as measured by skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity and the in vitro response of isolated lymphocytes to mitogens and microbial antigens, was not influenced by treatment with MER. Transient increases were observed in total hemolytic complement, complement components and the reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium by neutrophils. Eight of eighteen evaluable patients showed a complete disappearance of all injected lesions. We conclude that intratumoral injection of MER is effective treatment for cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma, with a complete response rate comparable to that observed after intralesional injection of BCG.
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PMID:Intralesional injection of the methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER) into cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma. 72 66

Thirty-two patients with the onset of erythema chronicum migrans, Lyme arthritis, or both in mid-1976 were studied prospectively. The skin lesion (24 patients) typically lasted about 3 weeks, beginning as a red macule or papule that expanded to form a large ring with central clearing. Associated symptoms ranged from none to malaise, fatigue, chills and fever, headache, stiff neck, backache, myalgias, nausea, vomiting, and sore throat. Three patients had been bitten by ticks at the site of the initial lesion 4 to 20 days before its onset. Nineteen patients suddenly developed a monoarticular or oligoarticular arthritis 4 days to 22 weeks (median, 4 weeks) after onset of the skin lesion; eight developed arthritis without a preceding skin lesion. Seven of these 27 experienced migratory joint pains. Arthritis attacks, most commonly in the knee, were typically short (median, 8 days) but sometimes persisted for months. Other manifestations included neurologic abnormalties, myocardial conduction abnormalities, serum cryoprecipitates, elevated serum IgM levels, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. The diagnostic marker is the skin lesion; without it, geographic clustering is the most important clue.
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PMID:Erythema chronicum migrans and Lyme arthritis. The enlarging clinical spectrum. 86 48

We reviewed the records of 17 cases of Fournier's gangrene that had been diagnosed and treated in the Urology Service of the Marques de Valdecilla Hospital from 1982-1991. The series comprised male patients aged 32 to 77. Eleven cases (64.7%) were due to a known cause, above all infection. Most of the patients had factors that predisposed to the development and progression of the disease, predominantly diabetes mellitus (5 cases, 29.4%). The clinical features frequently corresponded to those of acute infection, with high fever, chills, pain, nausea and vomiting that could progress to a septic state. The local symptoms and signs included pain, swelling, erythema and necrosis, depending on the compromised area. Infection was usually caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly E. coli, although Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes have been observed. Mixed bacterial infections have also been observed. Treatment must be instituted early using a combination of broad spectrum antibiotics that cover both aerobes and anaerobes, and wide surgical debridement of the compromised area. In some cases hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be warranted. The disease continues to be severe. In the present series, the outcome was favorable in 12 cases (70.5%) and there were 5 deaths (29.4%).
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PMID:[Our caseload in Fournier's disease]. 129 42

The chemistry, biological activity, and pharmacokinetics of gamma-interferon and recombinant interferon gamma are reviewed, and the agent's clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration for the treatment of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and other disorders are described. Endogenous gamma-interferon is a 166-amino-acid protein encoded by a single gene on chromosome 12. Recombinant human interferon gamma is purified from Escherichia coli as a monomer containing 139 amino acids. Gamma-interferon has antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative activity. Serum concentrations of recombinant interferon gamma increase in proportion to the dose. Clearance after i.m. or s.c. administration fits a two-compartment model. The half-life is 3.5-7.5 hours, and bioavailability is 89%. Evidence that recombinant interferon gamma can enhance phagocytic oxidative metabolism led to its evaluation for use in the treatment of CGD. Clinical studies showed that the agent decreases the frequency of serious infections in patients with CGD. Recombinant interferon gamma has shown only limited success in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), both as a single agent and in combination with recombinant interferon alfa. Similarly, although interferons appear to be able to change cytogenetic abnormalities in some patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia, therapy with recombinant interferon gamma has led to minimal success. However, the agent has produced some encouraging results in atopic dermatitis. The adverse effects of recombinant interferon gamma in patients with CGD usually consist only of fever, chills, headache, and erythema. The recommended dosage in CGD-afflicted children whose body surface area is greater than 0.5 sq m is 50 micrograms/sq m given by s.c. injection three times a week for life. Recombinant interferon gamma has given new hope to patients with CGD. Although the drug is very expensive, the cost may be offset by fewer hospitalizations to treat infection.
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PMID:Recombinant interferon gamma for treatment of chronic granulomatous disease and other disorders. 134 90

Chronic granulomatous disease is a group of rare x-linked or autosomal genetic disorders of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase system involved in host defence against various microorganisms. It is manifested by a common phenotype consisting of recurrent serious, life-threatening infection and granuloma formation. Following the finding that interferon gamma-1b (IFN gamma-1b) can potentiate phagocyte activity in some other disease states as well as restoring defective phagocyte NADPH oxidase system activity in at least some patients with chronic granulomatous disease, a large-scale placebo-controlled trial was undertaken with IFN gamma-1b in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Long term treatment with a therapeutic dosage of IFN gamma-1b produced a significant reduction in the incidence of serious clinical events necessitating hospitalisation. The relative risk of serious infection and the number of days in hospital were each reduced by about two-thirds, and the mean duration of hospital stay by about one-third in those who did experience infection. The greatest therapeutic benefit was found in patients aged less than 10 years, but all patients were improved regardless of age, sex, use of prophylactic antibiotics or genetic pattern of inheritance. The drug was well tolerated with the commonest adverse effects (e.g. fever, headache, chills, injection site erythema) usually being mild, transient, and relieved by symptomatic treatment. IFN gamma-1b therefore provides an effective and well tolerated therapy for patients with chronic granulomatous disease, offering an important clinical advance in the treatment of this rare genetic disorder by improving the prognosis of its serious and life-threatening infectious sequelae.
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PMID:Interferon gamma-1b. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in chronic granulomatous disease. 137 55

ImuVert, a new biological response modifier, was evaluated for toxicity and potential efficacy in patients with advanced cancer. This agent consists of sized, labile, natural membrane vesicles associated with ribosomes derived from Serratia marcescens. ImuVert induces enhanced in vitro macrophage and natural-killer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and has demonstrated antitumor activity in palpable animal tumor systems. A group of 39 patients with a variety of tumors, 25 men, 14 women, with a mean performance status (Karnofsky) of 80% and median age of 57 years were entered into this trial. ImuVert was administered subcutaneously weekly for a minimum of 3 weeks. A total of 183 treatments were evaluated. Flu-like systemic toxicities, including fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and hypotension were observed. Erythema, induration and tenderness developed at the injection sites. Myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, rental and hepatic toxicities did not occur. All symptoms resolved within 24 h. Two patients with nodular lymphoma achieved a partial response and two minor responses were seen in patients with glioblastoma and melanoma. On the basis of ImuVert's biological activity, and tolerable toxicity it warrants further clinical investigation.
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PMID:Phase I trial of ImuVert (natural membrane vesicles associated with ribosomes) in patients with advanced cancer. 139 37

A phase I trial of Roussel-Uclaf recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL 2) was performed on 31 cancer bearing patients of the Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, and the Institut Curie, Paris. This study allowed to define a schedule for administration of IL 2 in continuous infusion over 5 day cycles. This schedule is manageable in patients without major visceral failure. It is reproducibly feasible in conventional medical oncology units, without specialized intensive care facilities. Toxicities, although numerous, are acceptable for IL 2 doses below 24,000,000 IU/m2/day. There is a close relationship between secondary effect severity and IL 2 doses received. Main toxicities were: fever with chills, fatigue and general discomfort in 23 patients, nauseas and vomiting in 12, diarrhea in 10 and cutaneous rashes with erythema and dermal vascularitis in 13. One peculiar feature of this study was the minimal occurrence of manifestation related to leaky capillary syndrome prominant in other studies. Oliguria, functional renal failure and edema were observed in only 4 patients with functionally unique kidney. Five patients had severe anemia, 2 grade III thrombocytopenia, 1 grade IV hepatic cytolysis, 4 severe confusion episodes and 2 hypothyroidism with anti-thyroid microsome auto-antibodies. All these toxicities were reversible after withdrawal of IL 2 treatment. During this phase I trial, 3 therapeutic objective responses were observed, all 3 occurring in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with IL 2 doses equal to, or above 16,000,00 IU/m2/d. Recombinant IL 2 Roussel-Uclaf thus can be administered through a simple, manageable and efficient regimen.
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PMID:[Phase I trial of a recombinant human interleukin 2. Results in patients with disseminated solid tumors]. 182 63

Nineteen assessable patients with recurrent malignant astrocytomas who had failed standard therapy (surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy) were treated on a phase I-II trial with a biologic extract of Serratia marcescens (ImuVert; Cell Technology, Boulder, CO) a new biologic response modifier (BRM). Two complete responses (CRs) were seen, of 63 and 77+ weeks duration. One minor response (MR) occurred, of 6 weeks duration. There were four additional stable (S) patients, with durations of 58+, 39, 12, and 7 weeks. Median time to progression and median survival in the CR plus MR patients were 63 and 129+ weeks, respectively. Overall, median time to progression and median survival were 12 and 19 weeks, respectively. Three patients are alive greater than or equal to 2.5 years from study entry. Common toxicities included transient (less than 72 hours) tenderness, induration, and erythema at the injection sites. Systemic toxicities were less frequent and included fever, chills, nausea/vomiting, headache, arthralgia, and hypotension. The response rate (CR plus MR) to this new BRM is modest (16%). However, the observation of CRs in patients with advanced recurrent malignant astrocytomas, with acceptable overall toxicity, warrants further study of this agent.
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PMID:Phase II trial of Serratia marcescens extract in recurrent malignant astrocytoma. 219 24

In 1981 and 1982, two US citizens died from Japanese encephalitis (JE) acquired in China. In 1983, the Centers for Disease Control initiated an evaluation of a purified, inactivated, mouse-brain-derived JE vaccine produced and used in Japan since 1966. Two doses of this vaccine given 1-2 weeks apart evoked neutralizing antibody titers greater than or equal to 8 in only 77% of recipients. After three JE vaccine doses administered 1-2 weeks apart, 99% developed titers greater than or equal to 8. When a third dose was given to 29 participants 6-12 months after the primary series, all developed titers greater than or equal to 16. Reported adverse reactions included injection site tenderness (18%), erythema (6%), or swelling (3%); headache (9%); and dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness, nausea, chills, fever, or lower back pain (less than or equal to 5%). On the basis of this study, three doses of BIKEN JE vaccine are recommended for US citizens who may be at risk of exposure to JE virus.
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PMID:Evaluation of the potency and safety of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in US inhabitants. 232 39


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