Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085593 (chills)
 4,268 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase II evaluation of anguidine was carried out in 30 patients with advanced refractory breast cancer. A dose of 5.0 mg/m2 daily for 5 days was explored. The main toxic effects were nausea and vomiting, fever and chills, hypotension, skin erythema, somnolence, confusion, and lethargy. Myelosuppression was minimal. Among these extensively pretreated patients, there was one partial responder and one additional patient who showed improvement (less than a partial response); both responses occurred in soft tissue sites.
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PMID:Phase II study of anguidine in advanced breast cancer. 45 16

Chloroquine is considered essentially nontoxic when used for the chemosuppression of malaria, but gastrointestinal upsets, headache, blurring of vision, pruritus, and uritcaria may occur during chloroquine therapy. Recently, Bhargava et al. and Eronini and Eronini have reported the extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) following chloroquine therapy in adults. The clinical manifestations included upward rolling of the eyeballs, retraction of neck and back, trismus with marked difficulty in speech, and coarse tremors. Observations of 4 instances of EPS in children following chloroquine therapy for malaria are reported. A 2-1/2 year old girl was admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital with a 4 day history of intermittent high grade pyrexia with chills and rigors. Following treatment with oral chloroquine in the recommended therapeutic dosage, the fever responded, but the child became drowsy and developed paroxysms of involuntary movements of the tongue, torticollis, torsion dystonia of the limbs, and parosysms of tonic muscular spasms. She completely recovered spontaneously within 48 hours. The 2nd case was that of a 12-year old female brought to the hospital with a 15-day history of intermittent high grade fever with chills and rigors. The patient was started on chloroquine sulfate in the recommended therapeutic dose. After an interval of 4 days she developed coarse tremors of the hands, upward rolling of the eyeballs, episodic deviation of the angle of the mouth towards the left, and trismus. These symptoms disappeared spontaneously within 8 hours. A 6-year old girl, the 3rd case, developed episodes of opisthotonous, upward rolling of the eyeballs, protrusions of the tongue, intermittent writhing movements of the upper limbs, and drowsiness following the ingestion of 6 tablets of chloroquine sulfate for suspected diagnosis of malaria. She spontaneously recovered from EPS over a period of about 48 hours. The 4th case, a 7-year old boy, gave a history of high grade fever with chills and rigors of 1 day's duration. He developed drowsiness, tonic spasms of the neck, upward rolling of the eyeballs, and writhing contortions of all limbs about 2 hours following intravenous administration of 100 mg of chloroquine. 8 hours later an additional 100 mg chloroquine was given intravenously for the mistaken diagnosis of cerebral malaria. On examination the child was drowsy, had generalized stiffness, torticollis, and trismus. He recovered gradually over a 48-hour period without any specific therapy. The exact mechanism of production of EPS remains uncertain.
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PMID:Extrapyramidal syndrome following chloroquine therapy. 45 22

Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), a lipid complex formulation of amphotericin B, and amphotericin B desoxycholate (AB) were compared for safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics in two groups of eight healthy male volunteers. After a 1-mg test dose, study drug was infused at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg; the 0.5-mg/kg dose was not given to subjects receiving AB. ABLC caused few acute adverse effects except for mild somnolence (drowsiness) in six volunteers. In addition, three of eight ABLC recipient had asymptomatic, transient serum transaminase elevations that resolved spontaneously. The AB recipients experienced more acute side effects, but only one had a mild shaking chill: three of eight also experienced sleepiness. No significant changes in vital signs, electrocardiogram, oximetry, pulmonary function, or clinical status were observed in either group. Due to its increased estimate volume of distribution and estimated clearance. ABLC yielded decreased amphotericin B levels and area under the serum concentration versus time curve relative to AB.
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PMID:Comparative safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B lipid complex and amphotericin B desoxycholate in healthy male volunteers. 185 91

In 1981 and 1982, two US citizens died from Japanese encephalitis (JE) acquired in China. In 1983, the Centers for Disease Control initiated an evaluation of a purified, inactivated, mouse-brain-derived JE vaccine produced and used in Japan since 1966. Two doses of this vaccine given 1-2 weeks apart evoked neutralizing antibody titers greater than or equal to 8 in only 77% of recipients. After three JE vaccine doses administered 1-2 weeks apart, 99% developed titers greater than or equal to 8. When a third dose was given to 29 participants 6-12 months after the primary series, all developed titers greater than or equal to 16. Reported adverse reactions included injection site tenderness (18%), erythema (6%), or swelling (3%); headache (9%); and dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness, nausea, chills, fever, or lower back pain (less than or equal to 5%). On the basis of this study, three doses of BIKEN JE vaccine are recommended for US citizens who may be at risk of exposure to JE virus.
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PMID:Evaluation of the potency and safety of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in US inhabitants. 232 39

Although the clinical effects of acute exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light--such as cutaneous inflammation, malaise, somnolence, chills and fever--have been appreciated many years, the underlying mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a potent cytokine with a wide variety of biologic activities, including induction of fever and acute phase response. Because IL-6 is produced by keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro and because the release is enhanced by UV light, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of a single UV dose eliciting moderate to severe sunburn reaction on the production of IL-6 in vivo. Therefore, plasma of UV-treated human subjects was evaluated for IL-6 activity by testing its capacity to induce the proliferation of an IL-6-dependent hybridoma cell line (B9). In contrast to plasma samples obtained before UV exposure, post-UV-specimens contained significant levels of IL-6 peaking at 12 h after UV irradiation. Plasma IL-6 activity was neutralized by an antiserum directed against recombinant human IL-6, and upon HPLC gel filtration exhibited a molecular weight of around 20 kD. Moreover, plasma IL-6 levels correlated remarkably with fever course followed by an increase of acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein. These data indicate that IL-6, which is released by keratinocytes following UV exposure, may gain access to the circulation and via its pyrogenic as well as acute phase-inducing effect may function as an important mediator of systemic sunburn reaction.
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PMID:Ultraviolet light induces increased circulating interleukin-6 in humans. 235 83

A phase I-II study of human recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) was conducted in patients with various advanced cancer refractory to standard chemotherapies. In the phase I study, seven patients received 14 courses of escalating doses ranging from 2 X 10(6)U/m2 to 64 X 10(6)U/m2 by 1-hour intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive days. The toxicities were high fever with chills, anorexia, occasional nausea and vomiting, elevation of serum GOT, and dose-related leukopenia and neurotoxic symptoms such as heavy fatigue with somnolence or lethargy, both of which were reversible. The pharmacokinetics showed that the peak levels of serum rIFN-gamma activity were dose-related but decreased rapidly to below measurable levels within 6 hours after infusion in patients receiving less than 12 X 10(6)U/m2. Considering these data, the dosage of rIFN-gamma 6 X 10(6) U/m2 by daily intramuscular injection for more than 4 weeks was selected for the early phase II study. There was no partial response out of 11 evaluable patients but a stable condition was observed in 2 cases of renal cell carcinoma and one case each of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. All toxicities seen were similar to those observed in the phase I study, but no tachyphylaxis developed with continued dosage. The antitumor effect of rIFN-gamma remains to be evaluated in a further study employing higher doses.
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PMID:[Phase I-II study of recombinant interferon gamma]. 298 59

Three placebo-controlled double-blind and crossover trials were carried out to analyze the effects of oral yohimbine (YOH) 0.8 mg/kg on mood and performance in 16 healthy students. Subjective assessments (visual analogue scales, side-effects on questionnaire) and objective measurements (digit symbols, flicker fusion, tapping, heterophoria) were done at baseline, and post treatment. YOH shifted the healthy subjects' mood towards feeling panicked, elevated systolic blood pressure and plasma prolactin concentrations, reduced digit symbol substitution, and induced drowsiness and passiveness. Caffeine (CAF) 10 mg/kg raised plasma cortisol and rendered the subjects slightly panicked. Muzziness, clumsiness, tremor, chills and nausea were common after both YOH and CAF. Diazepam (DZ) 0.3 mg/kg given at 60 min antagonized some effects of CAF but failed to antagonize YOH. Clonidine (CLO) 100 micrograms counteracted YOH effects on blood pressure but less the subjective and hormonal effects. CLO 200 micrograms partly antagonized the pressor, sedative but not the hormonal responses of YOH. DZ counteracted YOH effects on plasma cortisol on panic but not on other subjective measures or plasma prolactin. Since CLO did not abolish YOH-induced prolactin increase, it is suggested that these effects of YOH are mediated not only via adrenergic alpha 2-receptors; other mechanisms made important contributions.
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PMID:Anxiogenic effect of yohimbine in healthy subjects: comparison with caffeine and antagonism by clonidine and diazepam. 315 10

15 patients aged between 24 and 66 years with 10 different malignant tumor diseases were treated with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor preparation PAC-4D in a phase-I trial. The starting dose was 10(5) U PAC-4D as an intravenous short infusion. The maximally tolerable dose is around 18 X 10(5) U/m2. As the main clinical side effects were observed: fever, chills, hypertension with subsequent hypotension, lethargy, transient somnolence, headache, neurological deficiency symptoms, nausea and vomiting. Important laboratory-chemical parameters were the increase in transaminases and, in higher dose levels, leukocytosis with the left shift and lymphopenia in the differential blood picture. As dose-limiting toxicity are estimated hypotension, and neurological side effects and hepatotoxicity. In one female patient who received 27 X 10(5) U PAC-4D there appeared pronounced, histologically verified necroses in the metastases of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
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PMID:Human pharmacological investigation of a human recombinant tumor necrosis factor preparation (PAC-4D) a phase-I trial. 337 52

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a significant environmental hazard for humans and animals. Although the clinical effect of an acute UV exposure such as cutaneous inflammation, malaise, somnolence, chills, and fever have been appreciated for many years, the underlying mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. Since chills and fever are the most dramatic systemic sequelae after a prolonged exposure to UV, we specifically examined the effect of whole-body UV irradiation on core body temperature and serum endogenous pyrogen activity of New Zealand White rabbits, correlating this with serum interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity and alterations of serum divalent cation levels. We found that an acute dose of UV irradiation (Westinghouse FS-40 lamps, 0.2 mJ/cm2/s X 8 h) resulted in a significant increase in the core body temperature 2 h post UV (0.8 degree C), peaking 5 h post UV (1.8 degree C), and returning to normal 24 h post UV. Likewise, the sera from the UV-irradiated rabbits had significant endogenous pyrogen activity when transferred into naive recipient animals, causing an increase in core body temperature within 45 min (0.65 +/- 0.12 degree C), decreasing over the next 2 h, and returning to normal 6 h post injection. No endotoxin contamination was detected in any serum samples. This post-UV febrile response was accompanied by a prolonged increase in serum IL-1 activity (5-10 X) and a significant alteration in serum divalent cation levels, with the rabbits becoming euthermic even as the serum IL-1 levels remained elevated. These findings provide new information concerning the pathogenesis and kinetics of these systemic effects after an acute dose of UV irradiation.
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PMID:Fever and increased serum IL-1 activity as a systemic manifestation of acute phototoxicity in New Zealand White rabbits. 349 1

Twenty-six patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis have received interferon administered according to one or more of five experimental protocols currently ongoing or completed at the University of Iowa. Short-term side effects following interferon administration were common and included fever, headache, chills, fatigue, myalgias, and nausea. Two patients experienced neurotoxicity manifested as somnolence, confusion, or petit mal type or grand mal type seizures. Preliminary data show evidence for some growth retardation in patients receiving long-term interferon therapy. Laboratory evidence of toxicity in the form of decreased WBC, RBC, and platelet counts occurred in five patients, and increased liver enzymes occurred in 16 patients. Neither cardiovascular nor renal toxicity was noted.
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PMID:Side effects and toxicity of interferon in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. 367 59


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