Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085593 (chills)
 4,268 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

12 patients suffering from psoriasis were given recombinant interferon (IFN)-alpha-2c at a daily dosage of 2.5 X 10(6) or 5 X 10(6) IU for up to 4 weeks by the intramuscular route. One patient showed complete regression and remained free of lesions after 12 months of follow-up. Three patients were judged as partial remission with stop of scale formation and flattening of skin lesions. No beneficial effect was seen in 8 patients. Side effects due to IFN-alpha application, such as fever, headache, malaise, and chills disappeared with subsequent treatments. Our findings suggest a possible positive effect of IFN-alpha in psoriasis.
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PMID:Parenteral interferon-alpha treatment of psoriasis. 360 13

Twenty-six patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis have received interferon administered according to one or more of five experimental protocols currently ongoing or completed at the University of Iowa. Short-term side effects following interferon administration were common and included fever, headache, chills, fatigue, myalgias, and nausea. Two patients experienced neurotoxicity manifested as somnolence, confusion, or petit mal type or grand mal type seizures. Preliminary data show evidence for some growth retardation in patients receiving long-term interferon therapy. Laboratory evidence of toxicity in the form of decreased WBC, RBC, and platelet counts occurred in five patients, and increased liver enzymes occurred in 16 patients. Neither cardiovascular nor renal toxicity was noted.
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PMID:Side effects and toxicity of interferon in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. 367 59

In vitro synergism between interferons (IFNs) and chemotherapeutic drugs has been demonstrated, and an enhancement of IFN's antiproliferative effects when combined with cimetidine has been suggested in melanoma patients. In this pilot study, 12 patients with advanced malignant melanoma received HuIFN beta by 30 min i.v. infusion at 30 X 10(6) u/m2 day for 4 days, followed by i.v. decarbazine (DTIC) 1.0 g/m2 on day 5, repeated every 4 weeks. Oral cimetidine, 300 mg q.i.d., was given continuously. All the patients had visceral (bulky) metastases. No objective responses were observed; however, two patients had stable diseases for 16 and 20 weeks, respectively. Mild chills and fever with IFN, and mild to moderate emesis with DTIC, were noted. No additive haemopoietic or hepatic toxicity was observed. Combination of HuIFN beta, DTIC, and cimetidine is relatively nontoxic, but does not appear to have a significant antitumor activity in patients with advanced malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Combination of fibroblast interferon (HuIFN beta), carboxamide (DTIC), and cimetidine for advanced malignant melanoma. 377 95

Patients with genital herpes were treated three times weekly for 12 weeks with 3 X 10(6) IU of alpha 2b interferon (20 patients) or placebo (17 patients) administered by subcutaneous injection in a double-blind trial. Interferon had minimal effects on the suppression of recurrences and moderate toxicity (chills, fever, fatigue, and leukopenia), suggesting that this route and dosage of interferon may not be clinically useful for this indication.
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PMID:Interferon in the prevention of genital herpes recurrence. 378 94

Twelve patients with advanced malignant disease were entered onto a Phase I study of escalating doses of beta-interferon serine given by 4-h i.v. infusion twice a wk. Three patients each were entered at starting doses of 0.01, 1, 10, and 30 million units (MU)/m2. Doses escalation within individual patients was allowed to a maximum dose of 400 MU/m2. Fever, chills, fatigue, and acral cyanosis were commonly seen and increased in frequency at higher doses. Myalgia, nausea, diarrhea, headache, and confusion were seen at lesser frequencies. Mild leukopenia, paresthesia, infusion site erythema, and hypotension were each seen in one patient. No conventional maximal tolerated dose could be defined, since several patients underwent escalation to the highest allowable dose and seemed to develop tolerance to acute toxicities. However, a maximal starting dose of 10 MU/m2 was identified, such that those begun at this level or below tolerated semiweekly dose escalation, while those begun at 30 MU/m2 could not tolerate continued therapy. Detectable serum interferon levels were noted during treatment at 10 and 30 MU/m2, the levels at which significant toxicity also first appeared. A maximal starting dose of 10 MU/m2, with gradual escalation as tolerance to side effects develops, is suggested if therapy with high-dose beta-interferon serine is given by 4-h infusion.
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PMID:Phase I study of recombinant beta-interferon given by four-hour infusion. 380 98

The efficacy and tolerance of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (interferon alpha-2a) in 30 patients with metastasized malignant melanoma in clinical stages III and IV were tested in a phase II study. During the first 10 weeks, the patients received 18 X 10(6) IU interferon alpha-2a i.m. daily and afterwards the same dose three times a week for a further four months. In 21 patients, the tumor growth was progressive. In six patients in clinical stage IV, there was a standstill for at least two months, and in three patients in clinical stage III, there was complete remission lasting between 12 and 16 months so far. The side effects of therapy differed in the individual patients. Fever, chills, limb pain, tiredness, nausea and lack of appetite were observed most often. All these symptoms as well as the frequently occurring leukopenia and elevation of the transaminases were especially pronounced at the beginning of therapy. They were dose-dependent, but reversible.
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PMID:[Recombinant leukocyte A interferon in metastasized malignant melanoma]. 381 82

Twelve homosexual patients with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were treated with a preparation of purified human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon [Burroughs Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC]). They were given a dose of 20 X 10(6) U/m2 intramuscularly daily for approximately two months. Responders continued their treatment on a maintenance schedule of 20 X 10(6) U/m2 three times a week. Four patients experienced complete remissions, and four experienced partial remissions that resulted in a total response rate of 67%. The median duration of treatment was 14 weeks (7 to 28+ weeks), and the median response duration was 28+ weeks (19 to 29+ weeks). Of the four patients in complete remission, one relapsed at 25 weeks and one at 26 weeks; the other two remained in complete remission at 28 and 29+ weeks. The clinical toxicity consisted of chills, fever, fatigue, and asthenia. Hematologic toxicity was similar to that previously described for other preparations of alpha-interferon and consisted of moderate leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Asthenia, a condition present in all 12 patients, was severe in 50%. A minimal tumor burden, the absence of circulating interferon before treatment, and a performance status of greater than or equal to 90% on the Karnofsky scale were related to an improved response rate. Measurement of immunologic parameters showed significant declines in the already impaired T cell levels, lymphocyte blastogenic response to concanavalin A, monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and monocyte-adherence. Activation of natural killer cells was not noted, and no life-threatening infections occurred during treatment. These data suggest that human lymphoblastoid interferon is an active agent in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma, and its use warrants further study in a larger number of patients.
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PMID:Treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--related Kaposi's sarcoma with lymphoblastoid interferon. 387 49

We report a clinical study of the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and biological activity of i.v.- and i.m.-administered recombinant gamma-interferon (rIFN-gamma) consisting of 143 amino acids. Ten patients with metastatic cancer were given rIFN-gamma at doses of 0.01 to 2.5 mg/sq m by alternating i.m. and i.v. bolus injections with a minimum intervening period of 72 h. After i.v. administration, rIFN-gamma was cleared monoexponentially with a short half-life of 25 to 35 min as determined by bioassay and enzyme immunoassay. After i.m. injection, a longer half-life of 227 to 462 min was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Serum titers were detected by bioassay only at high doses, suggesting partial loss of antiviral activity at the i.m. site. However, other biological effects were retained as evidenced by fever, chills, and fatigue after both routes of administration and granulocytopenia after i.m., but not i.v., doses. Two of ten patients showed objective evidence of tumor regression. These data suggest that further studies with i.m. as well as prolonged i.v. infusions of rIFN-gamma are indicated.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics, single-dose tolerance, and biological activity of recombinant gamma-interferon in cancer patients. 392 Dec 49

A total of 11 patients were treated on an escalating, single dose trial of recombinant gamma interferon (rIFN-gamma), 6 patients by the i.m. and 5 patients by the i.v. route of administration. Dose ranges within each individual were from 0.05 mg/m2 of IFN (1 mg greater than or equal to 10 X 10(6) units of IFN) escalating to 10 mg/m2. All dosages were delivered twice weekly and the i.v. dose was infused over 5 min. The most common toxicities encountered included fever, chills, fatigue, anorexia, and granulocytopenia. The influenza-like symptoms were very similar to those encountered with IFN-alpha but were generally less severe. The granulocytopenia was dose-related and transient with recovery generally seen within 48-72 h following administration of rIFN-gamma. Absolute granulocyte counts only rarely dropped below 1000 mm3. Hepatotoxicity was not observed. IFN levels were determined by both a bioassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. By the i.v. route, the peak level of IFN activity could usually be seen at completion of the infusion with a serum half-life of 30 min. By the i.m. route, the peak level of serum activity was generally detected between 4-8 h with a serum half-life of 4.5 h after the initial elimination phase. Peak IFN levels appeared to correlate with maximum toxicity. One patient with melanoma had a 25% reduction in a cutaneous lesion, but there were no other minimal, partial, or complete responses.
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PMID:A phase I trial of recombinant gamma interferon in patients with cancer. 393 18

Nine patients with chronic type B hepatitis were entered into a preliminary study of recombinant, human alpha-interferon therapy. Patients received one to four courses of interferon, each consisting of a fixed dose of 18, 36, 50, 68, or 100 million units given three times a week for 2 wk. Side effects including fever, chills, fatigue, myalgias, headache, and neutropenia were common and especially severe with higher doses. Serum hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase activity fell during therapy to 15%-30% of the pretreatment levels irrespective of interferon dose, but rose to the initial level by 10 days after the course ended. During follow-up, 2 patients had a sustained clinical remission in which hepatitis B virus DNA, DNA polymerase, and hepatitis B e antigen disappeared from serum and amino-transferase activities fell to normal. One patient became hepatitis B surface antigen negative. We conclude that higher doses (50 and 68 million units) of interferon have greater side effects than lower doses (18 and 36 million units), without having any greater antiviral efficacy. Further studies should be directed at therapy with lower doses given over longer periods.
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PMID:Pilot study of recombinant human alpha-interferon for chronic type B hepatitis. 394 Feb 41


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