Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

115 cases of immunocompromised patients complicated with fungal pneumonia treated during the period from April 1968 to December 1986 were retrospectively studied. 96 were male and 19 female. Their age ranged from 6 to 84. The incidence increased significantly in recent years especially after 1983. Severe liver disease was the underlying disease in 102 (88.7%) patients. 108 (93.9%) had received antibiotics and 55 (47.9%) corticosteroids. Fungi species isolated were candida in 107 (54.9%), aspergillus in 82 (36.9%), penicillium in 7 (3.6%), mucormycetes in 6 (3%) and reotrichum in 3 (1.5%). Fever, cough, expectoration, moist rales diminished breath sounds and increase of W. B. C. and neutrophils were the important clinical features. The roentgenologic findings vary with the nature and extent of the pathologic process. Disseminated mycoses were found in 9 of the 18 autopsied cases. The characteristic pathologic findings were inflammation, abscess formation, vasculitis, infarction and hemorrhage. Extrapulmonary features such as enteritis, purulent nephritis, abnormal EKG, encephalopathy and rash were present. 93 cases received antifungal therapy including garlicin, clotrimazole, amphotericin B, nystatine, miconazole, 5-fluctosine and ketoconazole. Because these drug combinations were so complex, it is difficult to evaluate their efficiency. However the survival rate was somewhat elevated in recent years. The mortality rate of this series was 80.9%.
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1989 Jan
PMID:[A retrospective study of 115 cases of fungal pneumonia]. 273 37

18 kinds of serum free amino acids (SFAAs) were determined in 35 patients suffering from cor pulmonale (CP) with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We found that the branched-chain AAs/aromatic AAs ratio (BCAAs/AAAs) was smaller in patients with pulmonary encephalopathy (PE) than those with respiratory failure (RF) only. For the PE patients, this ratio was still smaller during unconscious period than during conscious period. Some SFAAs related to neurotransmitters were also altered during unconscious period. However, there was no significant difference between CP patients with simple RF and those without RF. When RF was controlled, the SFAAs remained unchanged. The above results suggested that disturbance in neutral AAs metabolism participates in the mechanism of PE formation.
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1989 Mar
PMID:[Pulmonary encephalopathy and disturbance in amino acids metabolism]. 280 49

Observation by using Swan-Ganz catheter on hemodynamic and oxygen dynamic changes before and after assisted volume controlled mechanical ventilation (MV) was carried out in 11 cases of chronic cor pulmonale complicated with pulmonary encephalopathy. Pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure were significantly decreased by the relief of hypoxia pulmonary vasoconstriction after MV. Because of the relax of sympathetic tension, the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure reduced simultaneously. Left and right ventricular stroke work decreased after MV, without significant change in cardiac output. Venous admixture (Qs/Qt) was markedly reduced by MV and oxygen supply-demand ratio raised. It is thus shown that marked improvement of hemodynamic and oxygen dynamic status can be induced by mechanical ventilation at an opportune moment.
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1994 Jun
PMID:[The hemodynamic and oxygen dynamic effects of mechanical ventilation in chronic cor pulmonale]. 786 30

Anthelmintic imidazoles induced delayed encephalopathy (AIIDE) is frequently encountered and has usually been misdiagnosed as sporadic encephalitis of unknown cause (SEU). This study was carried out to facilitate differentiation of the two diseases. The records of 202 cases of AIIDE were reviewed and the clinical features analyzed. As a results, 7 diagnostic criteria for AIIDE were proposed as follows: (1) history of exposure to anthelmintic before the onset; (2) presence of a latent period of of 2 to 5 weeks; (3) onset of the disease acute or subacute; (4) presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs resulted from multifocal cerebral damage; (5) Fulfillment of two of the following conditions; (a) subinflammatory change in CSF with elevation of IgG; (b) diffuse slow waves in EEG during early stage; (c) characteristics of acute demyelinating encephalopathy in brain biopsy; (6) good therapeutic effect of adrenal corticosteroids; (7) exclusion of other neuropsychiatric disorders in a fallow-up period of one year. AIIDE is a new disease entity and its diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical features. EEG, CT or MRI are important diagnostic measures, but history of exposure to anthelmintic is the most important criterion. Multifocal hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy is its main pathologic feature.
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1995 Jul
PMID:[Differential diagnosis of delayed encephalopathy induced by anthelmintic imidazoles]. 855 29

In order to explore the allelic polymorphism of HLA-DR and TNF B loci and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Han nationality of northern China with the aid of methods of polymerase chain reaction/sequence specific primers (PCR/SSP) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) respectively. The findings from a case-control study on 151 blood samples (45 from the cases and 106 from the controls) indicated that there were significantly higher frequency of DR2 (P < 0.05, RR = 1.56) and DR3 (P < 0.01, RR = 2.69), which represent candidate susceptible genes or useful markers for SLE. The DR5 allele in the samples (P < 0.05, RR = 0.43) might be an antagonistic or protective allele, or a marker for such allele. The frequency of TNF B * 1 and TNF B * 2 alleles was investigated in 45 SLE patients and 80 healthy controls and it was found that the frequency of TNF B * 2 allele was significantly higher in the patient group (P < 0.05, RR = 1.84). It might also be a suspicious susceptible allele or a marker for such allele. The frequency of HLA polymorphisms in various clinical/immunological subsets of our patient population was also determined. Clinical findings used include plasma SC5b-9 level, SSA, SSB, Sm, RNP, ANA antibodies, and SLE complications (SLE nephritis, pneumonia & encephalopathy). It turned out that there was a positive association between HLA-DR2 allele and SLE nephritis (P < 0.05, RR = 1.32).
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1996 Jan
PMID:[Study on some susceptible genes of systemic lupus erythematosus in Han nationality of China]. 927 40

To study the causes, diagnosis and treatment of aluminum toxicity in patients with chronic renal failure, the serum aluminum concentration was determined in 27 normal subjects, 28 patients of various kinds of diseases with normal renal function and 81 patients of chronic renal failure with hemodialysis in 65 and without in 16, of whom 41 patients were determined the aluminum concentration in the bone tissue. Clinical symptoms were carefully observed in all patients and desferrioxamine (DFO) test was performed in 17 patients, of whom 10 were treated with DFO. The results showed that treatment with improperly processed water and administration of aluminum compound were the major causes of aluminum toxicity in uremic patients. Aluminum toxicity may induce anemia, encephalopathy and bone disease, but its clinical features were nonspecific and the diagnosis may require several serum aluminum determinations or DFO test. DFO can chelate aluminum in a variety of tissues so that the latter may be released into the blood circulation. The DFO test may be used to assess the actual aluminum load in the bone tissue. The changes in serum aluminum concentration after intravenous infusion of DFO correlated closely with bone aluminum level, suggesting that the DFO test may be useful for the diagnosis of aluminum toxicity. The DFO therapy may be indicated for, 1, patients with uremia having hyperaluminumnemia due to treatment with improperly processed water and intake of aluminum-containing agents. 2. those who had serum aluminum concentration of higher than 200 micrograms/L and positive DFO test and 3. patients whose aluminum concentration in the bone tissue was 10 times greater than normal values. In this study, DFO was given intravenously in a dose of 20-40 mg/kg, twice a week. Satisfactory results were obtained in 3 to 6 months and there were no severe side effects when the agent was administered slowly.
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1996 Jan
PMID:[The causes, diagnosis and treatment of aluminum toxicity in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis]. 927 45