Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of FDG-PET in oncology is currently investigated in clinical studies. There is only limited information on the usefulness of FDG-PET in the evaluation of distant metastases of lung cancer. The purpose of the present prospective investigation was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET in the detection of brain metastases of lung cancer. After intravenous injection of 220 +/- 50 MBq F-18-deoxyglucose PET acquisition was carried out using an ECAT ART scanner (CTI Siemens). Images were reconstructed using a filtered backprojection with a Hanning filter. PET data were analyzed by visual interpretation of coronal, sagittal and transversal slices. PET scans were interpreted by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians without prior knowledge of the results of other imaging studies or clinical data. Between March 1997 and July 1998 whole-body PET was performed in 417 patients with suspected lung cancer. 402 patients were used for statistical analysis. Based on conventional brain imaging with CT (occasionally MRI), brain metastases were suspected in 17 patients (prevalence 4.2%). For FDG-PET alone, sensitivity was 82% (14/17) and specificity 38% (14/37). Therefore, diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET in detection of brain metastases was 93.5%. The low specificity of FDG-PET can be explained by reduced tracer uptake mainly due to brain infarction or vascular encephalopathy in this group of elderly patients. Our results indicate that due to its low specificity FDG-PET is not useful for the evaluation of brain metastases in the primary staging of patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:[Brain metastases of lung cancer: diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET)]. 1037 59

The effects of flumazenil on the latencies and amplitudes of visual event-related potentials (ERPs), number-connection test (NCT) and visual and auditory reaction times (VRT and ART) were evaluated in ten patients with cirrhosis without clinically overt encephalopathy (HE). Delayed latencies of the ERP component P3a and/or P3b were found in three patients and the time to complete NCT was prolonged in two other patients. Changes in the latencies and amplitudes of the ERP components (N200, P3a and P3b) during 40 min following infusion of flumazenil (1 mg) and placebo were similar. Results of the three psychometric tests did not change significantly after either flumazenil or placebo infusion. Eight of the ten patients felt more alert for several minutes after the administration of flumazenil, whereas no patient experienced any change of perception after infusion of placebo. Prolongation of the latencies of P3a and P3b may be a component of the syndrome of subclinical HE. However, these neuro-electrophysiological abnormalities in cirrhotic patients may not be attributable to increased brain levels of natural benzodiazepines.
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PMID:The effect of flumazenil on visual event-related potentials of clinically non-encephalopathic patients with cirrhosis. 1061 33

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic state accompanied by a unique brain imaging pattern. This cliniconeuroradiological entity usually presents with visual disturbances (cortical blindness, homonymous hemianopia, visual neglect, and blurred vision) along with neurotoxic manifestations. Only a few cases of PRES have previously been reported in patients with advanced HIV disease. The authors describe a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a patient with advanced HIV/TBC infection who developed a neurotoxic state following TB and ART therapy initiation. They present a comprehensive review of the literature and discuss the pathogenetic hypotheses.
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PMID:Bilateral Visual Loss as Presenting Symptom of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient with HIV/Tuberculosis Coinfection: A Case Report. 2324 37