Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome features reversible cortical neurologic dysfunction and characteristic findings on brain imaging studies. This syndrome can be caused by several agents including traditional chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drugs. Targeted therapies such as agents binding vascular endothelial growth factor/VEGFR, CD20 and cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antigens are also among the culprits. Vemurafenib is a BRAF gene inhibitor that has not been previously linked with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. We report herein the first such case and believe that further studies confirming this association are warranted. We further review the existing posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome cases associated with targeted therapies in the scientific literature.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to targeted agents: vemurafinib among suspects! 2501 87

Ipilimumab is a novel humanized monoclonal antibody directed against cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, a T-cell surface molecule involved in down-regulation and suppression of the T cell response to stimuli. Patients treated with ipilimumab are at risk for immune-related adverse events involving the skin, digestive tract, liver and endocrine organs. Few case reports of immune-related adverse effects involving central or peripheral nervous system due to ipilimumab are published. These include inflammatory myopathy, aseptic meningitis, severe meningo-radiculo-neuritis, temporal arteritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. We report the first case of ipilimumab-induced progressive necrotic myelopathy.
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PMID:Ipilimumab-induced necrotic myelopathy in a patient with metastatic melanoma: A case report and review of literature. 2571 27

Ipilimumab, an anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 monoclonal antibody, is a first-line therapy for stage IV melanoma. Although high-grade immune-related adverse events occur in 25% of patients receiving ipilimumab, serious neurologic toxicity, primarily consisting of transient sensory and motor neuropathies, affects less than 1% of patients. We present a case report of a patient with melanoma who received high-dose ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg as first-line therapy for metastatic disease. After the third dose, the patient developed "mild" encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) of the corpus callosum by MRI and neurogenic bladder, two novel immune-related adverse events during checkpoint inhibition. In addition to headache, delirium, and altered consciousness commonly seen with MERS, the patient also developed tremor, gait instability, paresthesias, and neurogenic bladder. The latter two symptoms were thought to represent sensory and autonomic neuropathies, respectively. The syndrome gradually resolved following intravenous methylprednisolone at 2 mg/kg divided twice daily for 5 days and a slow taper of oral prednisone over 8 weeks.
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PMID:Ipilimumab-induced encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion. 2592 3