Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 5-year-old girl with a previous diagnosis of cerebral palsy, nonprogressive psychomotor retardation, and hypotonia was found to excrete excessive fumaric acid in urine. Fumarate hydratase activity in skin fibroblasts was 10% of the control value. This case underscores the clinical heterogeneity of neurometabolic disorders and the importance of organic acid analysis in the diagnosis of static encephalopathy.
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PMID:Variability of clinical presentation in fumarate hydratase deficiency. 143 28

Fumaric aciduria (fumaric acidemia, fumarase deficiency) is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by deficient activity of fumarate hydratase, one of the constituent enzymes of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle. We describe the clinical and imaging features of this disease arising from a consanguineous pedigree in 8 patients in the southwestern United States. Thirteen patients have been previously described in the medical literature. Our patients presented with an early infantile encephalopathy with profound developmental retardation and hypotonia, and most experienced seizures. Previously unreported characteristics described here include structural brain malformations, dysmorphic facial features, and neonatal polycythemia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple abnormalities, including diffuse polymicrogyria, decreased cerebral white matter, large ventricles, and open opercula. Fumaric aciduria should be included in the differential diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism that cause cerebral malformations and dysmorphic features. The possibility that inborn errors of energy metabolism may cause structural malformations deserves increased recognition.
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PMID:Fumaric aciduria: clinical and imaging features. 1080 28

Fumarate hydratase catalyzes the stereospecific hydration across the olefinic double bond in fumarate leading to L-malate. The enzyme is expressed in mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments, and participates in the Krebs cycle in mitochondria, as well as in regulation of cytosolic fumarate levels. Fumarate hydratase deficiency is an autosomal recessive trait presenting as metabolic disorder with severe encephalopathy, seizures and poor neurological outcome. Heterozygous mutations are associated with a predisposition to cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and to renal cancer. The crystal structure of human fumarate hydratase shows that mutations can be grouped into two distinct classes either affecting structural integrity of the core enzyme architecture, or are localized around the enzyme active site. An interactive version of this manuscript (which may contain additional mutations appended after acceptance of this manuscript) may be found on the SSIEM website at: http://www.ssiem.org/resources/structures/FH .
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PMID:Structural basis of fumarate hydratase deficiency. 2136 58

Fumarase deficiency is a very rare inborn error of metabolism caused by decreased activity of fumarate hydratase enzyme. We describe a fumarase-deficient infant who presented with encephalopathy, metabolic crisis, psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, seizures, and facial dysmorphism. To our knowledge, this is the first Indian child to be described with fumarase deficiency.
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PMID:Infantile metabolic encephalopathy due to fumarase deficiency. 2277 60

Fumarate hydratase deficiency (FHD) caused by biallelic alterations of the FH (fumarate hydratase) gene is a rare disorder of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, classically characterized by encephalopathy, profound psychomotor retardation, seizures, a spectrum of brain abnormalities and early death in childhood. Less common milder phenotypes with moderate cognitive impairment and long-term survival have been reported. In addition, heterozygous mutations of the FH gene are responsible for hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). There is currently no recommended disease modifying treatment for FHD and only isolated reports of unsuccessful dietary modifications. Herein, we describe the safe and possibly disease modifying effect of a high fat, low carbohydrate diet in a 14-year-old female with severe FHD.
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PMID:Fumarase Deficiency: A Safe and Potentially Disease Modifying Effect of High Fat/Low Carbohydrate Diet. 2905 12