Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is of vital concern to the therapy for primary CNS disorders and the development of drug neurotoxicity. The factors influencing drug entry into the CSF include the status of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and lipid solubility, molecular weight, pKa, protein binding, and removal of the drug from the CSF by an exit pump in the choroid plexus. The most important of these factors is the status of the complex BBB systems. The morphologic equivalent of the BBB and its specialized functions (e.g., transport of D-glucose, amino acids, and ions) are discussed in depth. Methods developed for increasing drug delivery to the CNS by circumvention and/or manipulation of the BBB have included direct injection into the CSF, administration of prodrugs or chemical delivery systems, or reversible "opening" of the BBB by hyperosmotic agents, pentylenetetrazole, etoposide, DMSO, or other agents. The relevance of these general principles to selected examples of CNS infections (i.e., gram-negative aerobic bacillary meningitis and subacute encephalopathy associated with AIDS) is emphasized.
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PMID:Drug delivery to the central nervous system: general principles and relevance to therapy for infections of the central nervous system. 269 Mar 2

We report two patients who experienced severe reversible encephalopathy following infusion of peripheral blood stem cells cryopreserved in 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). In one patient, reduction of DMSO level with plasmapheresis resulted in marked improvement in encephalopathy. Infusion of large volumes of cryopreserved stem cells may result in a significant toxic reaction. Plasmapheresis may be a treatment option for patients with significant toxicity related to DMSO.
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PMID:Reversible encephalopathy after cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cell infusion. 790 65

We report a case of posterior reversible leuko- encephalopathy (PRL) following the infusion of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) cryopreserved autologous stem cells in the setting of myeloablative chemotherapy in a patient with recurrent Ewing's sarcoma. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed white matter changes which resolved over the next 2 months. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 26, 797-800.
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PMID:Reversible leukoencephalopathy associated with re-infusion of DMSO preserved stem cells. 1104 64

We report the case of a patient who received two infusions of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) cryopreserved autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) after myeloablative chemotherapy for a relapsing lymphoma. A 49-year-old man presented an episode of tonic-clonic seizure over a few minutes after the start of each infusion and developed a profound and sustained but reversible encephalopathy with coma after the second infusion. The patient's neurological condition correlated well with the electrophysiological findings (electroencephalogram and multimodality evoked potentials) and, to a lesser extent, with the radiological abnormalities (magnetic resonance imaging). Severe but reversible neurological complications may occur with the infusion of PBPCs cryopreserved with DMSO.
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PMID:Recurrent seizure and sustained encephalopathy associated with dimethylsulfoxide-preserved stem cell infusion. 1623 21