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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven pregnant squirrel monkeys were perorally exposed to lead during the latter two-thirds of pregnancy [mean blood lead 0.54 microgram/ml (2.61 mumol/l), range 0.39-0.82 microgram/ml (1.88-3.96 mumol/l)], at a dosing regime producing no maternal toxic symptoms. Lesions similar to lead encephalopathy and growth retardation of the fetal cerebrum were seen in some of the offspring, as well as neurological and behavioral symptoms at adult age. Cerebral lead levels in offspring (an abortion, stillborns, a sacrificed full-term fetus, and a neonatal death) were between 0.1-0.7 microgram/g. Pre- and perinatal mortality, and prematurity, was increased, and the size of the offspring at birth was reduced. The head circumference tended to be reduced postnatally. Zinc protoporphyrin in blood was determined in four of the pregnant monkeys; the mean values were between 0.58-1.05 micrograms/ml (0.93-1.68 mumol/l). These findings represent the first clearly prenatal brain damages described for experimental peroral lead exposure.
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PMID:Effects of lead exposure on pregnancy outcome and the fetal brain of squirrel monkeys. 360 68

Early clinical features of lead toxicity are non-specific and an occupational history is particularly valuable. Lead in the body comprises 2% in the blood (t1/2 35 days) and 95% in bone and dentine (t1/2 20-30 years). Blood lead may remain elevated for years after cessation from long exposure, due to redistribution from bone. Blood lead concentration is the most widely used marker for inorganic lead exposure. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentration in blood usefully reflects lead exposure over the prior 3 months. Symptomatic patients with blood lead concentration >2.4 micromol l-1 (50 microg dl-1) or in any event >3.8 micromol l-1 (80 microg dl-1) should receive sodium calciumedetate i.v., followed by succimer by mouth for 19 days. Asymptomatic patients with blood lead concentration >2.4 micromol l-1 (50 microg dl-1) may be treated with succimer alone. Sodium calciumedetate should be given with dimercaprol to treat lead encephalopathy.
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PMID:Lead poisoning: case studies. 1199 50