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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 9-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with daytime urinary incontinence for the past one year. MRI showed craniopharyngioma occupying the third ventricle. The tumor was excised by interhemispheric approach. Because hyponatremia and polyuria with high renal loss of sodium were observed on postoperative day 3, hydrocortisone and DDAVP were replaced. On postoperative day 24, successive general convulsions and hyponatremia recurred, and MRI FLAIR imaging showed marked brain edema in the bilateral parieto-occipital lobes. This finding disappeared late in the course of treatment, and the case was diagnosed as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The pathophysiology of cerebral salt wasting and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a craniopharyngioma patient are also discussed in the article.
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PMID:[Prolonged cerebral salt wasting following craniopharyngioma surgery and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report]. 1578 2

Dysnatremias are a common clinical entity that are often associated with poor outcomes. This review takes a case study approach to understand how dysnatremias can result in devastating neurologic consequences. Concrete guidelines are provided for prevention, early recognition and treatment along with a discussion of how urinary electrolytes and osmolality can be used to guide therapy. Case studies in hyponatremic encephalopathy include the post-operative state, thiazide diuretics, extreme exercise and DDAVP use. Reasons to avoid using hypotonic parenteral fluids, risk factors for hyponatremic encephalopathy such as age, gender, and hypoxia, and the appropriate use of 3% sodium chloride are discussed. Case studies in hypernatremia include hypernatremia in the ICU setting and the emerging condition of breastfeeding-associated hypernatremia in infants.
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PMID:Dysnatremias: why are patients still dying? 1663 44