Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) dependent enzyme that catalyses the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-dopa, the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of dopamine. Autosomal recessive mutations in the TH gene cause impaired TH activity and are associated with phenotypes ranging from autosomal recessive dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) to progressive infantile encephalopathy. Herein, we present a patient with TH-deficiency due to two compound heterozygous missense mutations in the TH/gene, one of which is novel (p.R441P). A clinical update on TH-deficiency and clues on how to achieve a timely diagnosis of this highly treatable disorder is provided.
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PMID:A novel compound heterozygous tyrosine hydroxylase mutation (p.R441P) with complex phenotype. 2393 62

Neurodegenerative diseases that afflict nervous system are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction and associated with the one-set of many diseases like Segawa's syndrome (recessive form), autosomal recessive L-dopa-responsive dystonia, L-dopa non-responsive dystonia or progressive early-onset encephalopathy and recessive L-dopa-responsive parkinsonism. It has been reported that a number of mutations in coding regions, splice sites and promoter regions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) are associated with many such diseases. TH is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. This reaction is considered as rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, which has made TH an important target for drug development. In our previous study using comparative molecular docking approach, it was concluded that [4-(Propan-2-yl) Phenyl]Carbamic acid (PPCA) may serve as a potential inhibitor. By further extending, our focus is to determine the binding affinities of PPCA and mutated TH. 3D structures of mutated TH were predicted and subjected to molecular docking studies. PPCA was found to bind in the deep narrow groove lined with polar and aromatic amino acids in 14 out of 17 mutants under study (R202H, L205P, H215Y, G216S, T245P, F278P, T283M, R297W, R306H, C328F, A345V, L356M, T368M, Q381K, P461L, T463M and D467G). Our results corroborate efficient binding of PPCA with normal and mutated TH, indicating that PPCA might be a strong therapeutic candidate for the management of Parkinson's disease and other related disorders. It may be a valuable target for evaluation in preclinical models.
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PMID:Computational study of human tyrosine hydroxylase mutants to uphold [4-(Propan-2-yl) Phenyl]Carbamic acid as a potential inhibitor. 2523 Feb 30

Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyses the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to l-DOPA, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of catecholamines. Mutations in the TH gene encoding tyrosine hydroxylase are associated with the autosomal recessive disorder tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency, which manifests phenotypes varying from infantile parkinsonism and DOPA-responsive dystonia, also termed type A, to complex encephalopathy with perinatal onset, termed type B. We generated homozygous Th knock-in mice with the mutation Th-p.R203H, equivalent to the most recurrent human mutation associated with type B tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency (TH-p.R233H), often unresponsive to l-DOPA treatment. The Th knock-in mice showed normal survival and food intake, but hypotension, hypokinesia, reduced motor coordination, wide-based gate and catalepsy. This phenotype was associated with a gradual loss of central catecholamines and the serious manifestations of motor impairment presented diurnal fluctuation but did not improve with standard l-DOPA treatment. The mutant tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme was unstable and exhibited deficient stabilization by catecholamines, leading to decline of brain tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity in the Th knock-in mice. In fact the substantia nigra presented an almost normal level of mutant tyrosine hydroxylase protein but distinct absence of the enzyme was observed in the striatum, indicating a mutation-associated mislocalization of tyrosine hydroxylase in the nigrostriatal pathway. This hypomorphic mouse model thus provides understanding on pathomechanisms in type B tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency and a platform for the evaluation of novel therapeutics for movement disorders with loss of dopaminergic input to the striatum.
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PMID:Brain catecholamine depletion and motor impairment in a Th knock-in mouse with type B tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. 2627 13