Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In hepatic coma as well as diabetic coma severe disturbances occur in the amino acid metabolism. The defect lies in completely different levels which result two different plasma aminograms (PAG). In 24 patients with hepatic encephalopathy stage III-IV (7 patients with acute and 17 with chronic liver failure) the PAG were evaluated. The determination of the plasma amino acids (PAA) was carried out on Multichrom B (Beckmann, Munich). In hepatic coma high concentrations of Met, Tyr, Ala, Lys and Arg are found. The deviations of PAA from normal controls show between acute and chronic hepatic failure no qualitative but only quantitative differences. In diabetic coma the three branches chain AA (Val, Leu and Ile) were elevated upon 3--5 times of normal. Near normal concentrations are found for the AA Thr, Ser, Gly, Ala, Met and the aromatic AA (Phe and Tyr). The quotient between the branched chain and aromatic AA lies for hepatic coma at a mean of 1.18 and by diabetic coma at 7.18 (p less than 0.001). In hepatic coma a correlation exists between the level of the AA-quotient improvement and the decrease with a deterioriation of the metabolic encephalopathy. The high level of the AA-quotient in the patients of diabetic "coma" gives therefore a good explanation for the rare unconscious state of these patients.
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PMID:[Differences in plasma aminograms in hepatic and diabetic coma]. 74 45

Unconventional therapies have become popular in paediatric and adolescent populations. It is therefore important to define their risks. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the recent evidence. Computerised literature searches were carried out in five databases to identify all recent reports of adverse events associated with unconventional therapies in children. The reports were summarised in narrative and tabular form. The results show that numerous case reports and several case series have been published since 1990. Investigations of a more systematic nature are, however, rare. Most of the adverse events were associated with herbal medications. Inadequately regulated herbal medicines may contain toxic plant material, be contaminated with heavy metals, or be adulterated with synthetic drugs. The adverse events included bradycardia, brain damage, cardiogenic shock, diabetic coma, encephalopathy, heart rupture, intravascular haemolysis, liver failure, respiratory failure, toxic hepatitis and death. A high degree of uncertainty regarding a causal relationship between therapy and adverse event was frequently noted. The size of the problem and its importance relative to the well-documented risks of conventional treatments are presently unknown. Several unconventional therapies may constitute a risk to the health of children and adolescents. At present, it is impossible to provide reliable incidence figures. It seems important to be vigilant and investigate this area more systematically.
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PMID:Serious adverse effects of unconventional therapies for children and adolescents: a systematic review of recent evidence. 1254 81