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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dysnatremia may cause life-threatening encephalopathy in marathon runners. Hypernatremia and exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) may manifest with mental status changes and, if untreated, progress to coma and death. We reviewed the on-site blood sodium testing and treatment in collapsed runners at the finish-line medical tent at the Boston marathons from 2001 through 2008. Dysnatremia was diagnosed in 429 (32.5%) of 1,319 collapsed runners. Hypernatremia was present in 366 (27.7%) and hyponatremia in 63 (4.8%). Hypernatremic runners unable to drink fluids were treated with intravenous normal (0.9%) saline. Hyponatremic runners with seizures or coma received intravenous hypertonic (3%) saline. Sixteen runners with EAH able to drink a concentrated oral hypertonic solution recovered within 30 minutes. Based on on-site sodium testing, dysnatremic runners were treated with appropriate intravenous fluids according to validated standards of care. Hyponatremic runners able to drink an oral hypertonic solution recovered promptly.
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PMID:Exertional dysnatremia in collapsed marathon runners: a critical role for point-of-care testing to guide appropriate therapy. 1968 9

Hyponatremic and hepatic encephalopathy are common causes of metabolic encephalopathy that may coexist in patients with cirrhosis. The clinical picture is common to any metabolic encephalopathy and is characterized by a confusional syndrome that may evolve into coma. Chronic mild or minimal manifestations can be seen in both, but motor symptoms are more common in hepatic encephalopathy. Recent advances show that in addition to clinical manifestations both encephalopathies share some pathogenetic mechanisms. Dysfunction of astrocytes, osmotic changes in the brain and brain edema are present in both situations. Recognition of these abnormalities is important to plan therapy. New drugs that affect brain hydration may be useful for both encephalopathies.
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PMID:Hyponatremic and hepatic encephalopathies: similarities, differences and coexistence. 2021 2