Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case of a nineteen-year-old women with the cerebral form of malaria tropica is reported. She showed hyperpyrexia, abdominal manifestations, haemolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Cerebral symptoms amounting to grade IV encephalopathy occurred. The patient responded rapidly to the administration of chloroquine, anticonvulsants, dextran, corticosteroids, antipyretics, blood and antithrombin III and her symptoms had almost completely vanished one week after the onset of therapy.
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PMID:[Course and intensive treatment of acute falciparum malaria (author's transl)]. 37 59

A 10-month-old male infant (case 1) and another male infant aged 1 year and 11 months (case 2) were admitted to our department because of fever, watery diarrhea and convulsion. On admission, they were unconscious and showed rigidity of the limbs. Laboratory examination revealed a marked increase in GOT and GPT, a decrease in platelet and antithrombin III and an increase in FDP. Metabolic acidosis was found by blood gas analysis. Brain CT showed an extensive area of low density in case 1, and low density centering on the cerebral basal ganglia and brainstem in case 2. Rotavirus was detected in case 2 by fecal examination. The clinical pictures in these cases closely resembled those of hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy (HSE) reported by Levin et al. in 1983. The etiology of this disease is currently unknown, and its prognosis is poor. The relationship between this disease and rotavirus should be examined in future studies.
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PMID:[Two cases of hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome]. 173 31

Biological and immunological antithrombin III was studied in 26 patients of viral hepatitis including 6 with encephalopathy, and in 11 patients with cirrhosis of liver. There was a significant reduction in both biological and immunological activity of antithrombin III in all the groups of liver disorders studied. There was a good correlation between biological and immunological activity of antithrombin III (P less than 0.05). Further, there was a significant inverse correlation between immunological activity of antithrombin III and SGOT/SGPT (P less than 0.01) as well as serum bilirubin (P less than 0.001), signifying the prognostic value of antithrombin III in hepatitis. Biological activity on the other hand did not show any relation with the hepatic enzymes or bilirubin elevation. The antithrombin III levels appeared to decline in direct proportion to the degree of hepatic necrosis, probably due to reduced synthesis.
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PMID:Antithrombin III in liver disorders. 180 Apr 93

The Sugiura procedure (SP) was performed upon 27 patients with hemorrhagic portal hypertension secondary to extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis (EPVT) without associated hepatic disease. There were 14 female and 13 male patients. The mean age was 28 +/- 14 years. The causes of EPVT were protein C deficiency in two; antithrombin III deficiency in one patient, a history of omphalitis in two patients, a history of pancreatitis in one patient and idiopathy in 21 patients. The SP was completed in two surgical stages in 14 patients and in one stage in nine. There was one operative death. One patient had mild postoperative encephalopathy, and two patients rebled at long term follow-up study. Actuarial survival rate was 82 per cent at five and ten years. It is concluded that the SP is a good alternative for the management of hemorrhagic portal hypertension secondary to EPVT.
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PMID:The Sugiura procedure for patients with hemorrhagic portal hypertension secondary to extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis. 186 70

The Sugiura Procedure (SP) was performed in 27 patients with hemorrhagic portal hypertension secondary to extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis without associated liver disease (EPVT). There were fourteen females and 13 males. Mean age was 28 +/- 14 years. The causes of EPVT were: protein C deficiency-2 cases, antithrombin III deficiency-1 case, omphalitis history-2 cases, pancreatitis history-1 case and idiopathic-21 cases. The SP was completed with two surgical stages in 14 patients and with one operation in nine. There was one operative death. One patient developed mild postoperative encephalopathy, and two patients re-bled at long-term. Actuarial survival was 82% at five and ten years. It is concluded that the SP is a good alternative for the management of hemorrhagic portal hypertension secondary to EPVT.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of hemorrhage of esophageal varices secondary to thrombosis of the portal vein]. 209 Nov 89

One hundred and thirty-one patients underwent clinical and biological investigation with the following determinations performed on the same day; presence or absence of ascites, icterus and/or encephalopathy, coagulation study, biochemical determinations including albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulins immunoassays. The principal component analysis of biological data showed two sets of highly representative and inversely correlated data; one included coagulation tests, albumin and transferrin, and the other included immunoglobulin A/transferrin ratio, immunoglobulin A and total bilirubin. Clinical and biological data were computed using discriminant analysis between dead and survivors. Six parameters were then selected (total bilirubin, encephalopathy, factor V, AST, antithrombin III and transferrin) giving a correct prognosis in 81.6% (31/38) of cases in a test sample. Neither ascites nor immunoglobulins were useful for the estimation of the prognosis.
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PMID:Multivariate analysis of clinical and biological data in cirrhotic patients: application to prognosis. 679 41

Activity of kallikrein, content of prekallikrein, antitryptic and BAEE-esterase activities as well as content of alpha 1-antitrypsin and heparin were studied in blood serum of patients with the B type of serum hepatitis (SH) of various severity. Presence of kallikrein in the active form, increase in content of prekallikrein, distinct increase in BAEE-esterase and antitryptic activities as well as in content of alpha 1-antitrypsin and heparin were observed in blood serum of the patients with middle and severe forms of the impairment. Severe form of the hepatitis complicated with the acute liver encephalopathy was characterized by the radically new state exhibiting further increase in activity of free kallikrein, decrease in content of prekallikrein as well as in BAEE-esterase activity as compared with middle and severe forms of SH not complicated with the acute liver encephalopathy. Immunochemical analyses showed distinct decrease in the content of alpha 1-antitrypsin in blood serum of the patients with SH impaired also by acute liver encephalopathy. Besides, high level of the antitryptic activity was observed in severe forms of the hepatitis both with the encephalopathy and without of its. Further increase in the activity of free heparin was found in all the three forms of SH. Elevation of the antithrombin III inhibitory activity in presence of heparin was apparently responsible for an increase in the antitryptic activity under conditions of severe forms of SH when content of alpha 1-antitrypsin decreased. Activation of the kinin system and decrease in the alpha 1-antitrypsin synthesis, caused by destructive processes in liver tissue, are considered as factors deteriorating the disease development.
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PMID:[Kallikrein and prekallikrein content and antitryptic activity in the blood serum in serum hepatitis of varying degrees of severity]. 697 40

The blood coagulation and fibrinolysis of 33 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and 31 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were examined using several markers, namely thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), antithrombin-III (AT-III) and prothrombin time, and the relationship between these markers, endotoxemia, and TNF-alpha was examined. These patients had no complications due to hepatic failure, such as infections, encephalopathy, ascites, G-I bleeding and clinical DIC. PIC was not elevated, but TAT tended to be elevated in LC and significantly elevated in HCC. AT-III was decreased in LC and HCC, and the blood endotoxin was partly positive in LC and HCC, but was not correlated with AT-III or PT. The TAT level in the blood-endotoxin-positive patients measured by endospecy methods was higher than that in the negative patients, and was significantly correlated with the blood endotoxin level in the LC and HCC patients (r = 0.57, r = 0.88, p < 0.01). No relationship was observed between TNF-alpha and blood endotoxin. In conclusion, (1) blood coagulability was activated already in compensated LC and HCC, but was not connected with fibrinolysis, (2) the activation of coagulability was closely related with endotoxemia, and (3) TNF-alpha was not correlated with blood endotoxin or TAT.
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PMID:[Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in relation to endotoxemia in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma]. 756 21

We reported a family with early onset cerebrovascular disease. Patient 1 (a 36-year-old man) demonstrated a combination of livedo reticularis and cerebral infarction as previously described as Sneddon syndrome. He also showed transient focal neurologic symptoms and mild dementia. Patient 2 (an elder sister of Patient 1) was suffering from migraine. Their father and paternal uncle died of cerebral infarction, which had developed in their thirties or forties. Patients 1 and 2 showed MRI findings compatible with encephalopathy with Binswanger-type. Contrary to the previous reports on Binswanger-type encephalopathy, both of these patients demonstrated decreased levels of fibrinogen as well as those of factor V, together with negative antiphospholipid antibody. Thus, juvenile onset, autosomal dominant inheritance, the diversity of clinical findings and the coagulopathy in this family were characteristic features. The level of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) was markedly increased in Patient 1. Treatment with antithrombin (argatroban 20mg i.v. everyday for 28 days) not only reduced the level of TAT but also improved the livedo reticularis and neurological findings. Although gene analysis has not been performed yet on this family, this condition is similar to cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarct and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), which involve juvenile cerebral infarction and dementia as well as migraine.
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PMID:[Familial Binswanger-type encephalopathy with Sneddon syndrome]. 875 90

Patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis develop multiple organ failure which is associated with production of inflammatory cytokines and a poor prognosis. The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the effects of the BioLogic-DT sorption-suspension dialyser in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. Ten patients with encephalopathy (grade II-IV) were entered into the study, 5 received treatment with the BioLogic-DT for 6 hours daily for 3 days and 5 received conventional treatment as controls. The system was biocompatible with no adverse effects on blood pressure or platelet counts, factor V, fibrinogen or antithrombin III. No bleeding episodes were observed even with the use of small doses of heparin. After 3 days, blood ammonia was lower in the BioLogic-DT treated patients than in the controls, although blood lactate was higher. There were slight increases in plasma TNF and IL-8 during treatment over and above the higher levels present initially, possibly as a result of activation of white cells in the extracorporeal circuit. The further development of the BioLogic-DT dialyser with the addition of a plasma treatment module capable of removing cytokines would be worth evaluating in acute alcoholic hepatitis.
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PMID:Temporary extracorporeal liver support for severe acute alcoholic hepatitis using the BioLogic-DT. 1009 82


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