Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neurologic manifestations occur in more than 5% of sarcoidosis patients and may be the presenting feature. Neurosarcoidosis can manifest in a myriad of ways including: cranial neuropathy, aseptic meningitis, mass lesions, encephalopathy, vasculopathy, seizures, hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, hydrocephalus, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and myopathy. Because its etiology is unknown, its neurological manifestations are so diverse, and its diagnosis cannot be readily confirmed by laboratory tests, neurosarcoidosis poses many clinical problems. The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis is usually based on the identification of characteristic neurologic findings in an individual with proven systemic sarcoidosis as established by clinical, imaging, or histologic findings. Although corticosteroids are regarded as the foundation of treatment, they are not always successful and have serious side-effects. Moreover, some patients with neurosarcoidosis are refractory to conventional therapy, and approximately 5-10% die. Optimal management of patients with neurosarcoidosis benefits from an understanding of the broad clinical spectrum of neurosarcoidosis, appreciation of the ways to best confirm a diagnosis, and awareness of the full range of treatment options, including the use of alternative therapies such as immunotherapy.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of sarcoidosis. 2436 4

Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by symptoms of acute or subacute encephalopathy associated with increased antithyroid antibody levels. Neurosarcoidosis is also a rare entity that occurs in less than 5% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Neurosarcoidosis usually presents with cranial neuropathies, myelopathy, or new-onset seizure. We report a case of a 49-year-old caucasian woman, previously healthy, who initially presented for a workup of a new-onset seizure. She had a gradually progressive course with neurocognitive decline and recurrent partial seizures refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Her seizures responded well to a course of intravenous immunoglobulin. She was subsequently diagnosed with HE and pulmonary sarcoidosis based on serological and pathological studies. She improved neurologically once the seizures were controlled. Hashimoto encephalopathy is a rare condition that is potentially treatable and presents with various neuropsychiatric manifestations. It is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires a strong clinical suspicion and is often underrecognized.
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PMID:Hashimoto encephalopathy or neurosarcoidosis? A case report. 2582 87