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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1982 and 1985, 14 infants aged 3-26 weeks presented with severe hypoxic episodes as a result of the 'near miss' sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). They all had metabolic acidosis, cardiovascular instability, acute renal failure, ischaemic colitis, or acute neurological dysfunction. Investigation of the cause excluded infection and trauma, or a primary metabolic, pulmonary, cardiac, or seizure disorder. Seven infants were deeply comatose on admission, never regained consciousness, and died within 60 hours. A characteristic evolution of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy not previously clearly described after near miss SIDS was seen in the seven who lived. Five of the seven were conscious within one hour of resuscitation and showed a striking interval of near normality before neurological deterioration that was characterised by status epilepticus, deep coma, and brain stem dysfunction from 36-96 hours after the event. A biphasic course was not apparent in the remaining two, each of whom was comatose on admission, though refractory seizures did develop. Computed tomograms of the brain more than a week after the event showed cortical infarction or cerebral atrophy. Six of the survivors, followed up from 16-55 months, have serious residual deficits including spastic quadriplegia, delayed development, cortical blindness, or infantile spasms.
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PMID:Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy after near miss sudden infant death syndrome. 273 Jan 24

The authors report a case of postoperative arteriovenous fistula between the inferior mesenteric vessels. This fistula was revealed by portal hypertension, with bleeding esophageal varices, ascites, and encephalopathy, and by acute ischemic colitis. Histologic examination of the liver was normal. All of the symptoms disappeared after transcatheter embolization of the fistula with stainless steel coils. This case report favors the reality of the so-called "forward" portal hypertension and suggests that inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula might be a factor predisposing to nonocclusive ischemic colitis.
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PMID:Inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula associated with portal hypertension and acute ischemic colitis. Successful occlusion by intraarterial embolization with steel coils. 669 Mar 62

The authors experienced an extremely rare case of secondary sclerosing cholangitis and portal hypertension developed as late complications of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) owing to Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a 2-year-old boy. HUS after E coli O157 infection is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in childhood and occasionally is accompanied by extrarenal complications such as encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, ischemic colitis, and pancreatitis. Rarely, late colonic stenosis may develop secondary to the ischemic damage. Sclerosing cholangitis and subsequent cirrhosis with portal hypertension are very uncommon as late complications of HUS. To our knowledge, such a case has not been previously reported in the literature. J Pediatr Surg 36:1838-1840.
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PMID:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis and portal hypertension after O157 enterocolitis: Extremely rare complications of hemolytic uremic syndrome. 1173 19

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-neuroradiological syndrome characterized by various symptoms of neurological disease. It has commonly been reported in association with acute hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, sepsis, and exposure to immunosuppressants. Here, we report on a normotensive woman who developed a severe frontal headache, visual disturbances, and hypertension 3 days after undergoing an emergency laparotomy for ischemic colitis during which she suffered an inadvertent dural puncture. Neuro-imaging revealed features consistent with PRES. The patient went on to make a good recovery, being discharged 21 days postoperatively, with only minor visual disturbances and memory problems. This case highlights the importance of awareness of PRES to all specialties. On reviewing the literature, we feel that PRES may be a potential differential diagnosis to post-procedural neurological symptoms in those patients undergoing routine procedures such as spinal anesthetics or lumbar punctures.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following an inadvertent dural puncture during an emergency laparotomy for ischemic colitis - a case report. 2460 Feb 45

An 81-year-old man was admitted to a primary care hospital due to bloody diarrhea. The findings of abdominal computed tomography indicated ischemic colitis, so conservative therapy was started. On the 4th hospital day, the patient was transferred to our hospital because of renal dysfunction. Physical examination showed clouding of consciousness and abdominal distention. Abdominal computed tomography revealed massive ascites and thickening of the whole colonic wall. With a diagnosis of acute abdomen, an emergent laparotomy was performed. Extended right hemicolectomy was performed because of severe ischemic change and necrosis of the right side of the colon. In the stool culture before the operation, Escherichia coli O157 and verotoxin were found, so this case was diagnosed as hemorrhagic colitis with hemolytic uremic syndrome and acute encephalopathy due to Escherichia coli O157 infection. Postoperatively, the hemolytic uremic syndrome and acute encephalopathy were prolonged. However, with intensive care, the patient recovered and was discharged on the 33rd postoperative day.
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PMID:Successful Colectomy for Hemorrhagic Colitis with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Acute Encephalopathy due to Escherichia coli O157 Infection. 2480 91