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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A brief description is given of neurofibrillary changes of the paired helical filament type in a variety of chronic neurological diseases. These include subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis, Down syndrome, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, and lipofuscinosis. In these conditions, with the exception of Hallervorden-Spatz disease neurofibrillary changes were previously recognized but paired helical filaments were identified only in some cases. Moreover, in the present series, the age of patients at death was often younger than in previously recorded cases.
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PMID:Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles in diseases other than senile and presenile dementia. 15

The three types of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia) were counted at 2 different ages in normal and lead intoxicated animals (on a 0.5% Pb2+ diet) and were found to vary differently with respect to age and lead treatment. Satellisation of nerve cells by glia also displays a different pattern : whereas usually at 3 month age, the neurons are surrounded by oligodendrocytes, they appear more often encapsulated by microglia after lead treatment. It is postulated that changes in glial populations and their relationship to nerve cells could provide a sensitive indicator of lead encephalopathy.
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PMID:[Development of equilibrium of glial populations in the cerebral cortex of lead intoxicated rats]. 15 16

A 35-year-old woman contracted severe trichinosis which was atypical in that it lacked a gastrointestinal prodrome and periorbital edema, and in that eosinophilia developed only late in the course of the illness. The patient developed an incapacitating myositis as well as complications of encephalopathy, myocarditis, and retinal hemorrhages, resulting in severe debilitation of more than two and one-half months' duration. Muscle histochemistry illustrated previously unreported features.
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PMID:Trichinosis: clinical report and histochemistry of muscle. 15 7

The authors report 47 cases of pericentric inversion. Eleven of them involve the chromosomes No. 2, 11 and 9. It appears that the risk of malformations and/or encephalopathy is obviously increased either by "position effect", aneusomie de recombinaison" or "interchromosomal effect". Prenatal diagnosis is therefore indicated. Thirty six cases involve the secondary constriction of chromosome No. 9. In such cases the risk is not enough increased to justify the prenatal diagnosis.
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PMID:[Pericentric inversions: studies in 47 cases]. 16 73

Between August 1973 and April 1974 more than 750 patients had computerized axial tomography (CT) scans at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Ten brains from previously CT-scanned patients in this group were sectioned in the plane of the scan. Nearly exact correlation was found between the anatomic location and extent of intracranial lesions demonstrated by CT scan and the findings on gross and microscopic pathologic examination in cases of primary intracranial tumors, obstructive hydrocephalus, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic and hemorrhagic infarctions, pineal tumor, and thermal-burn encephalopathy. Determination of absorption values (mu) of 47 pathologically verified processes showed that high-absorption intracerebral hemorrhage and calcium-containing tumors are readily separable from other processes on the basis of mu values alone. However, the abnormal mu values of primary brain tumor, edema, and infarction are difficult to distinguish from those of normal spinal fluid and white matter.
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PMID:Computerized axial tomography: clinicopathologic correlation. 16 48

Experiments in 3 weeks old albino mice with Toxocara canis and sublethal infection with JE virus established a marked synergestic effect in dually infected mice. The results are discussed to indicate the possible role of visceral larva migrans in creating exploxive outbreaks of "acute encephalopathy syndrome" in individuals having simultaneous infection with a virus (es) which, alone, might produce only mild illness. The nature of the possible mechanisms involved yet remains to be understood.
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PMID:Dual infections of mice: visceral larva migrans and sublethal infection with Japanese encephalitis virus. 16 80

The metaphyseal line of increased radiodensity which occurs in lead poisoning was studied in children and young monkeys with lead encephalopathy and in guinea pigs. The histologic lesion consists of impaired resorption of calcified metaphyseal cartilage, depressed bone deposition on cartilaginous surfaces, and the accumulation of numerous multinucleate giant cells, some containing lead inclusions. By electron microscopy, the giant cells appear to be osteoclasts and chondroclasts containing large amounts of mineralized cartilage matrix. We interpret the lead line to be the result of a lead-induced inability of cartilage-resorbing cells to degrade mineralized matrix, with a resultant impairment of metaphyseal cartilage resorption. The radiodensity of the lead line would thus be due to persistent mineralized metaphyseal cartilage and not to a primary osseous change. Some observations on lead inclusions in these cells suggest that the fibrillar component forms before the amorphous part.
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PMID:The lead line in bone---a lesion apparently due to chondroclastic indigestion. 16 1

Two cases of cytomegaly of the central nervous system of infants, disclosing typical viral inclusions in the brain tissues, associated with agenesia of the corpus callosum and cystic symmetrical post-infarction encephalopathy are reported. It is suggested that the callosal defect was caused by cystic degeneration occuring within the lamina reuniens and the prematurely fused sulcus medianus, in early intrauterine life. The possibility of cytomegalic etiology of the malformation is discussed. However the occurrence of viral disease in a previous abnormal brain cannot be discarded. The cystic symmetrical encephalopathy is explained through a redistribution (shunting) of the cerebral blood flow, brought about by the existence of a peculiar mechanism which he calls - priority blood supplying system. This proposed system probably acts independently of the cerebral blood flow autoregulatory mechanisms in emergency states, shunting the blood to the vitaly more important homeostatic neurovegetative centers. This mechanism, in spite of its actual effectiveness, if prolonged, may be deleterious to the excluded territories and produce irreversible damages. The morphologic expression of these damages are the multiple symmetrical brain infarctions. Following occasional survival, the tissue debris of the destroyed structures in the involved areas, are slowly and progressively removed by reabsorption and replaced by unusual symmetrical cavitations.
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PMID:[Cytomegaly and central nervous system abnormalities. Report of 2 cases associated with agenesia of the corpus callosum and cystic encephalopathy]. 16 64

The symptomatology and histopathological picture were studied in weanling mice inoculated intracerebrally with MCMV and treated with ATS. Increased mortality was observed and fatal encephalopathy developed. Lesions in the brain included areas of necrosis with neuronal degeneration without marked inflammatory cell response until the 21st day after infection. In contrast, the brain of mice inoculated with virus alone or with virus and treated with NSH showed perivascular cuffs and focal infiltration with little or no evidence of loss of neurons. These observations suggest that the degenerative lesions in the brain are directly related to virus multiplication and that the inflammatory response is beneficial rather than detrimental.
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PMID:Effect of antithymocyte serum of murine cytomegalovirus emcephalitis in weanling mice. 17 Jun 52

Urea cycle function was evaluated in liver obtained from six patients with Reye's syndrome and from five control subjects. Reye's syndrome patients demonstrated normal activities for the extramitochondrial portion of the urea cycle, but showed marked abnormalities of the mitochondrial enzymes, i.e., carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) (Tables 2,3). CPS activity was reduced to less than 15% of control values in all four patients from whom tissues was obtained during the first 72 hr after the onset of encephalopathy. Two patents from whom tissue was not obtained until after 9 days of symptoms showed no reduction in CPS activity. The OTC activity was also reduced (3-67% of control values) in the four patients from whom tissue was obtained early in the illness. In addition, greater than 60% reduction in Vmax and Km for carbamyl phosphate was noted in all four patients in whom sample size permitted kinetic analysis, including both patients in whom CPS and OTC activity were not markedly reduced. The same kinetic abnormality as well as decreased CPS activity were experimentally produced in normal rate liver incubated in the presence of 1.0 mM 4-pentenoic acid, a short chain fatty acid and known hepatic mitochondrial toxin (Table 4).
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PMID:Abnormalities of carbamyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase in liver of patients with Reye's syndrome. 17 18


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